{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T08:34:28Z","timestamp":1792139668172,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In genetically predisposed individuals, exogenous factors (including pollution) influence the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis\/chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT). CLT may also be a risk factor for associated thyroid cancer. Few data are available on the role of pollution from petrochemical complexes, one of which is located in the Siracusa province (South-Eastern Sicily), in the pathogenesis of CLT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>i) To study the frequency of CLT in fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)-interrogated thyroid nodules from patients who were stably resident in their zones, comparing it in patients living in the petrochemical complex area (zone A) with that of patients from a control area (zone B). ii) To study the frequency of CLT in the FNAC categories of malignancy risk, comparing the two zones.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively evaluated cytologically adequate slides of 1323 nodules in 1013 outpatients who underwent ultrasound-guided FNAC from 2006 to 2012. We stratified by area of residence, gender, and FNAC categories of malignancy risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CLT was detected with significantly greater frequency in either patients or nodules from zone A compared with zone B (32.0% vs 23.1%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.002 or 28.2% vs 18.8%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0001), with a female preponderance (F=35.2% vs M=21.1% or 30.4% vs 20.4%, zone A and F=26.5% vs 12.3% or 21.6% vs 9.5%, zone B). Regardless of zone, CLT was approximately twofold more frequent in the suspiciously malignant+malignant classes (TH4+THY5=47.6%, zone A and 32.4%, zone B) compared with the benign+intermediate classes (THY2+THY3=27.3%, zone A and 18.2%, zone B), but with a clear stepwise THY2 through THY5 increase only in zone A (THY2=25.3%, THY5=66.7%; THY2=18.6%, THY5=28.6% in zone B).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The petrochemical complex-related pollution is an environmental factor involved in the development of CLT and, likely, in the CLT association with thyroid neoplasms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-14-0864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,20]],"date-time":"2015-01-20T05:13:08Z","timestamp":1421730788000},"page":"383-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: could it be influenced by a petrochemical complex? Data from a cytological study in South-Eastern Sicily"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Arena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adele","family":"Latina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Baratta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Burgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damiano","family":"Gullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Benvenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1_17042487","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2303.2002.00366.x","volume":"13","author":"Kumar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0956-5507","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2_44432948","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e3282ef1c48","volume":"14","year":"2007","journal-title":"CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES AND OBESITY"},{"key":"3_49893024","first-page":"454","volume":"8","year":"2008","journal-title":"NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE ENDOCRINOLOGY METABOLISM"},{"key":"4_49893025","first-page":"429","volume":"4","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1050-7256","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"5_49893026","first-page":"525","volume":"6","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annales d'endocrinologie","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-4266","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"6_49893027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55450","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055450","volume":"8","year":"2013","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1932-6203","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"7_23514618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6413-4-1","volume":"4","author":"Dey","year":"2007","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1742-6413","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"8_31109997","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20830","volume":"36","author":"Baloch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagnostic cytopathology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1097-0339","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"9_18413480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1097\/00006231-200409000-00006","volume":"25","author":"Watkinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nuclear medicine communications","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0143-3636","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10_49893028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.16.3.468","volume":"16","year":"2010","journal-title":"ENDOCRINE PRACTICE"},{"key":"11_49893029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.05.019","volume":"180","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution (1987)","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1873-6424","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"12_43500129","first-page":"307","volume":"61","year":"2006","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0097-3521","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"13_36002277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.10.009","volume":"110","author":"de Freitas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environmental Research (New York)","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1096-0953","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"14_49893030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401286","volume":"12","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hormones","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0018-5051","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"15_45189682","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.1261","volume":"9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hormones","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0018-5051","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"16_41570233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2735","volume":"97","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"11","key":"17_22413945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4295","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0527","volume":"91","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/172\/4\/383.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/172\/4\/383.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T16:31:51Z","timestamp":1676392311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article\/172\/4\/383\/6668002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-14-0864","relation":{},"ISSN":["0804-4643","1479-683X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0804-4643","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-683X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}}}