{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:50:27Z","timestamp":1791852627859,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although several studies reported increased oxidative stress in Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis (HT), the effect of levothyroxine treatment on oxidative status is not studied extensively. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the effects of levothyroxine replacement on oxidative stress in HT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-six patients recently diagnosed with HT-related hypothyroidism and 36 healthy controls were included in the study. Levothyroxine replacement was started to patients with hypothyroidism, and had been followed-up for 6 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean basal serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total thiol, arylesterase, and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) levels were significantly lower, and serum total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were significantly higher in the patients with hypothyroid than the controls. In the hypothyroid group serum TAS, total thiol, arylesterase, and PON1 levels increased and serum TOS and OSI levels decreased significantly after levothyroxine treatment. Pretreatment serum TAS, total thiol, PON1, and arylesterase levels were positively correlated with free levothyroxine (fT<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) and negatively correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), and antithyroglobulin (anti-TG) levels. Also, pretreatment serum TOS and OSI levels were negatively correlated with fT<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>levels and positively correlated with TSH, anti-TPO, and anti-TG. We have also found that the fT<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>and anti-TPO levels are independent predictors of the oxidative stress parameters in stepwise multivariable linear regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that levothyroxine replacement decreases oxidant status and increases antioxidant status following the 6 months of levothyroxine replacement in hypothyroidism that develops in accordance with the HT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-15-1061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]],"date-time":"2016-03-08T03:39:12Z","timestamp":1457408352000},"page":"727-734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The impact of levothyroxine sodium treatment on oxidative stress in Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Ihsan","family":"Ates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Altay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma Meric","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Canan","family":"Topcuoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisbet","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilek","family":"Berker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serdar","family":"Guler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607113350206"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearce EN Farwell AP Braverman LE. Thyroiditis. New England Journal of Medicine 2003 348 2646\u20132655.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021194"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1096"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0399-3","article-title":"Assesment of oxidative status and its association with thyroid autoantibodies in patients with euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis","volume":"48","author":"Baser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2012.11.021"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3923\/ajb.2012.54.58","article-title":"Oxidative stress in anti thyroperoxidase antibody positive hypothyroid patients","volume":"7","author":"Nanda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2012.08.010","article-title":"Oxidative stress parameters in serum and low density lipoproteins of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis patients with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism","volume":"14","author":"Ozturk","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1348262","article-title":"Antioxidant defense in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism","volume":"45","author":"Reddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hormone and Metabolic Research"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0617"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-981457","article-title":"Oxidative stress and enzymatic antioxidant status in patients with hypothyroidism before and after treatment","volume":"115","author":"Baskol","year":"2007","journal-title":"Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347350","article-title":"Serum paraoxonase 1 activity is decreased in thyroid dysfunction","volume":"26","author":"Azizi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346519"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1590\/S0080-62342013000200028","article-title":"Evaluation of oxidative stress parameters and metabolic activities of nurses working day and night shifts","volume":"47","author":"Ulas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0399-3","article-title":"Assesment of oxidative status and its association with thyroid autoantibodies in patients with euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis","volume":"48","author":"Baser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-11-0230"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00044.2005"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20010659"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1550151"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715768809066914"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.2007.S130"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2008.04.006"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erdamar H Demirci H Yaman H Erbil MK Yakar T Sancak B Elbeg S Biberoglu G Yetkin I. The effect of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and their treatment on parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 2008 46 1004\u20131010.","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2008.183"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krysiak R Okopien B. The effect of levothyroxine and selenomethionine on lymphocyte and monocyte cytokine release in women with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2011 96 2206\u20132215.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2986"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-011-9446-5","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity, plasma adiponectin and sICAM-1 concentrations in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: response to levothyroxine therapy","volume":"40","author":"Kowalska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.26","first-page":"20","article-title":"The effects of treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism on metabolic control and hyperinsulinemia","volume":"61","author":"Velija-Asimi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medical Archives"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reinhardt W Paul TL Allen EM Alex S Yang YN Appel MC Braverman LE. Effect of L-thyroxine administration on the incidence of iodine induced and spontaneous lymphocytic thyroiditis in the BB\/Wor rat. Endocrinology 1988 122 1179\u20131181.","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-122-3-1179"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schumm-Draeger PM & Fortmeyer HP. Autoimmune thyroiditis \u2013 spontaneous disease models \u2013 cat. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 1996 104 (Supplement 3) 12\u201313; discussion 14\u201316.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1211671"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.29","first-page":"183","article-title":"Effect of L-thyroxine administration on antithyroid antibody levels, lipid profile, and thyroid volume in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis","volume":"6","author":"Romaldini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.52.337"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/105072501750159651"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-61-1-12"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930789","article-title":"Effect of thyroxine on antioxidant defense system in the liver of different aged rats","volume":"55","author":"Saicic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiological Research"},{"key":"2016051718591936000_174.6.727.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-136","article-title":"Protective effect of rutin on the antioxidant genes expression in hypercholestrolemic male Westar rat","volume":"13","author":"Al-Rejaie","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/174\/6\/727.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/174\/6\/727.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T16:33:33Z","timestamp":1676392413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article\/174\/6\/727\/6654976"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-15-1061","relation":{},"ISSN":["0804-4643","1479-683X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0804-4643","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-683X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}}}