{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T21:56:17Z","timestamp":1783115777395,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Pituitary incidentalomas (PI) are frequently found on brain imaging. Despite their high prevalence, little is known about their long-term natural history and there are limited guidelines on how to monitor them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study to compare epidemiological characteristics at presentation and the natural history of PI in population-based vs referral-based registries from two tertiary-care referral centers in Canada.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 328 patients with PI were included, of whom 73% had pituitary adenomas (PA) and 27% had non-pituitary sellar masses. The commonest indications for imaging were headache (28%), dizziness (12%) and stroke\/transient ischemic attack (TIA) (9%). There was a slight female preponderance (52%) with a median age of 55 years at diagnosis; 71% presented as macroadenomas (&gt;10mm). Of PA, 25% were functioning tumors and at presentation 36% of patients had evidence of secondary hormonal deficiency (SHD). Of the total cohort, 68% were treated medically or conservatively whereas 32% required surgery. Most tumors (87% in non-surgery and 68% in post-surgery group) remained stable during follow-up. Similarly, 84% of patients in the non-surgery and 73% in the surgery group did not develop additional SHD during follow-up. The diagnosis of non-functioning adenoma was a risk factor for tumor enlargement and a change in SHD status was associated with a change in tumor size.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title> \n<jats:p>Our data suggest that most PI seen in tertiary-care referral centers present as macroadenomas and may frequently be functional, often requiring medical or surgical intervention.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-16-0041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,2]],"date-time":"2016-04-02T03:09:59Z","timestamp":1459566599000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Analysis and natural history of pituitary incidentalomas"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Syed Ali","family":"Imran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Churn-Ern","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Netee","family":"Papneja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismWestern University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"Aldahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of MedicineTawam Hospital in affiliation with Johns Hopkins, Al Ain, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A","family":"Zwicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Cape Breton Regional HospitalSydney, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Theriault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Division of NeurosurgeryDalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stan","family":"Van Uum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismWestern University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"2016060118534857000_175.1.1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1048"},{"key":"2016060118534857000_175.1.1.2","unstructured":"Costello RT. 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