{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:09:49Z","timestamp":1791896989556,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine condition in premenopausal women. The syndrome is characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular menses and polycystic ovaries when other etiologies are excluded. Obesity, insulin resistance and low vitamin D levels are present in more than 50% patients with PCOS, these factors along with hyperandrogenism could have adverse effects on long-term health. Hyperinflammation and impaired epithelial function were reported to a larger extent in women with PCOS and could particularly be associated with hyperandrogenism, obesity and insulin resistance. Available data from register-based and data linkage studies support that metabolic-vascular and thyroid diseases, asthma, migraine, depression and cancer are diagnosed more frequently in PCOS, whereas fracture risk is decreased. Drug prescriptions are significantly more common in PCOS than controls within all diagnose categories including antibiotics. The causal relationship between PCOS and autoimmune disease represents an interesting new area of research. PCOS is a lifelong condition and long-term morbidity could be worsened by obesity, sedentary way of life, Western-style diet and smoking, whereas lifestyle intervention including weight loss may partly or fully resolve the symptoms of PCOS and could improve the long-term prognosis. In this review, the possible implications of increased morbidity for the clinical and biochemical evaluation of patients with PCOS at diagnosis and follow-up is further discussed along with possible modifying effects of medical treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-16-0373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T01:29:28Z","timestamp":1473211768000},"page":"R53-R65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Morbidity in polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"Dorte","family":"Glintborg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EndocrinologyOdense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of EndocrinologyOdense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"2016120218051918000_176.2.R53.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0253","article-title":"The polycystic ovary syndrome: a position statement from the European Society of Endocrinology","volume":"4","author":"Conway","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"2016120218051918000_176.2.R53.2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2016120218051918000_176.2.R53.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.6.1255","article-title":"Body composition characteristics and body fat distribution in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Kirchengast","year":"2001","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2016120218051918000_176.2.R53.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms030","article-title":"Overweight, obesity and central obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"key":"2016120218051918000_176.2.R53.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590903247873","article-title":"An update on the pathogenesis, inflammation, and metabolism in hirsutism and polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Glintborg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gynecological Endocrinology"},{"key":"2016120218051918000_176.2.R53.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.056","article-title":"Serologic markers of autoimmunity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Hefler-Frischmuth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2016120218051918000_176.2.R53.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-1108","article-title":"Morbidity and medicine prescriptions in a nationwide Danish population of patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Glintborg","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"2016120218051918000_176.2.R53.8","first-page":"995","article-title":"The evaluation and management of hirsutism","volume":"5","author":"Azziz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2016120218051918000_176.2.R53.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12365","article-title":"Prescription of antidepressants is increased in Danish patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and is associated with hyperandrogenism. 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