{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:33:53Z","timestamp":1793302433533,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Epidemiologic studies suggest that vitamin D status plays a role in glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, intervention studies yielded inconsistent results. The aim of this study is to systematically review the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library for RCTs examining the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to obtain a summarized outcome of vitamin D supplementation on HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>, fasting glucose and homeostasis model assessment \u2013 insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Twenty-three RCTs were included in this systematic review representing a total of 1797 patients with type 2 diabetes. Mean (\u00b1 s.d.) change in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D varied from 1.8\u2009\u00b1\u200910.2\u2009nmol\/L to 80.1\u2009\u00b1\u200954.0\u2009nmol\/L. Nineteen studies included HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> as outcome variable. Combining these studies no significant effect in change of HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> was seen after vitamin D intervention compared with placebo. A significant effect of vitamin D supplementation was seen on fasting glucose in a subgroup of studies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094) with a mean baseline HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\u2009\u2265\u20098% (64\u2009mmol\/mol) (standardized difference in means: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.12\u20130.61, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Current evidence of RCTs does not support short-term vitamin D supplementation in a heterogeneous population with type 2 diabetes. However, in patients with poorly controlled diabetes, a favourable effect of vitamin D is seen on fasting glucose.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-16-0391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,3]],"date-time":"2016-08-03T01:28:46Z","timestamp":1470187726000},"page":"R1-R14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: The effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"Yvonne H M","family":"Krul-Poel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Internal MedicineMedical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke M","family":"ter Wee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsVU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsVU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suat","family":"Simsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Internal MedicineMedical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1000"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2004.03.115","article-title":"Expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase in pancreatic islets","volume":"89\u201390","author":"Bland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.2.888"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu4010052"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04261.x"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.03092.x"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.118"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0298"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0962"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0582"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00403.2011"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02360.x"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70113-5","article-title":"Association of vitamin D status with arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk: a mendelian randomisation study","volume":"2","author":"Vimaleswaran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03672.x"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2136"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.16","unstructured":"Dutch Cochrane Centre. Checklist Quality Assessment RCT, Cohort and Case-Control studies. (available at: http:\/\/netherlands.cochrane.org\/beoordelingsformulieren-en-andere-downloads 2016). 1-1-0016."},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/1355819021927674"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.01.020"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.08.030","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of high dose vitamin D in recent-onset type 2 diabetes","volume":"106","author":"Elkassaby","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.02.014","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D-fortified low fat yogurt on glycemic status, anthropometric indexes, inflammation, and bone turnover in diabetic postmenopausal women: a randomised controlled clinical trial","volume":"35","author":"Jafari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.22","first-page":"w13942","article-title":"Effect of large doses of parenteral vitamin D on glycaemic control and calcium\/phosphate metabolism in patients with stable type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised, placebo-controlled, prospective pilot study","volume":"144","author":"Jehle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Swiss Medical Weekly"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.06.008"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0323"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.4158\/EP09300.OR","article-title":"Pilot study to evaluate the effect of short-term improvement in vitamin D status on glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Parekh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrine Practice"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ13-0356","article-title":"A prospective randomized controlled trial of the effects of vitamin D supplementation on long-term glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus of Korea","volume":"61","author":"Ryu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine Journal"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.251","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in obese type 2 diabetes subjects in Ajman, UAE: a randomized controlled double-blinded clinical trial","volume":"69","author":"Sadiya","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-125","article-title":"Regular consumption of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink (Doogh) improved endothelial biomarkers in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Shab-Bidar","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3313-x"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1838-1"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.12.013"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.32","first-page":"5421","article-title":"A 3-month oral vitamin D supplementation marginally improves diastolic blood pressure in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"7","author":"Al-Zahrani","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018815578998"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.34","first-page":"1091","article-title":"The effect of vitamin D supplementation on adiposity, blood glycated hemoglobin, serum leptin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"5","author":"Ghavamzadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2008-2231-20-10"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-009-0020-3"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.37","first-page":"31","article-title":"Efficacy of supplementary vitamin D on improvement of glycemic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; a randomized double blind clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"Nasri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Renal Injury Prevention"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.38","first-page":"54","article-title":"Effect of a randomised controlled vitamin D trial on insulin resistance and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"46","author":"Strobel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hormone and Metabolic Research"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12142","article-title":"Daily intake of vitamin D- or calcium-vitamin D-fortified Persian yogurt drink (doogh) attenuates diabetes-induced oxidative stress: evidence for antioxidative properties of vitamin D","volume":"27","author":"Nikooyeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-0407.2011.00164.x","article-title":"Effect of daily vitamin D supplementation on HbA1c in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study","volume":"4","author":"Soric","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2704"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0323"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0323"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2015.01.036"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2015.09.006","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor genetic polymorphism is significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Han population","volume":"46","author":"Jia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives of Medical Research"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2002.29969"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005617"},{"key":"2016111418002131000_176.1.R1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138945011793591608"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/176\/1\/R1.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/176\/1\/R1.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T16:34:18Z","timestamp":1676392458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article\/176\/1\/R1\/6654944"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-16-0391","relation":{},"ISSN":["0804-4643","1479-683X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0804-4643","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-683X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}}}