{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:54:26Z","timestamp":1790013266420,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Immunological changes in and after a pregnancy may influence the onset of autoimmune diseases. An increased incidence of hyperthyroidism has been observed both in early pregnancy and postpartum, but it remains to be studied if the incidence of hypothyroidism varies in a similar way.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Population-based cohort study using Danish nationwide registers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All women who gave birth to a singleton live-born child in Denmark from 1999 to 2008 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009403\u2009958) were identified, and data on hospital diagnosis of hypothyroidism and redeemed prescriptions of thyroid hormone were extracted. The overall incidence rate (IR) of hypothyroidism during 1997\u20132010 and the IR in three-month intervals before, during and after the woman\u2019s first pregnancy in the study period were calculated and compared with the IR of hyperthyroidism.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Altogether 5220 women were identified with onset of hypothyroidism from 1997 to 2010 (overall IR 92.3\/100\u2009000\/year) and 1572 women developed hypothyroidism in the period from 2\u2009years before to 2\u2009years after birth of the first child in the study period. The incidence of hypothyroidism decreased during the pregnancy (incidence rate ratio (IRR) vs overall IR in the rest of the study period: first trimester: 0.89 (95% CI: 0.66\u20131.19), second trimester: 0.71 (0.52\u20130.97), third trimester: 0.29 (0.19\u20130.45)) and increased after birth with the highest level at 4\u20136\u2009months postpartum (IRR 3.62 (2.85\u20134.60)).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These are the first population-based data on the incidence of hypothyroidism in and around pregnancy. The incidence declined during pregnancy followed by a sharp increase postpartum. Notably, hypothyroidism as opposed to hyperthyroidism showed no early pregnancy increase.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-16-0446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,11]],"date-time":"2016-08-11T02:39:35Z","timestamp":1470883175000},"page":"387-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Hypothyroidism incidence in and around pregnancy: a Danish nationwide study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"S L","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Departments of Endocrinology"},{"name":"2Clinical BiochemistryAalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Carl\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Departments of Endocrinology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Clinical EpidemiologyAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Laurberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Departments of Endocrinology"},{"name":"4Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"2016092517180932000_175.5.387.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0047"},{"key":"2016092517180932000_175.5.387.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.46","article-title":"Immunity, thyroid function and pregnancy: molecular mechanisms","volume":"6","author":"Weetman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology"},{"key":"2016092517180932000_175.5.387.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2576"},{"key":"2016092517180932000_175.5.387.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3588","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism incidence fluctuates widely in and around pregnancy and is at variance with some other autoimmune diseases: a Danish population-based study.","volume":"100","author":"Andersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2016092517180932000_175.5.387.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1999.9.705"},{"key":"2016092517180932000_175.5.387.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.1.71"},{"key":"2016092517180932000_175.5.387.7","first-page":"320","article-title":"The Danish medical birth registry","volume":"45","author":"Knudsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Danish Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"2016092517180932000_175.5.387.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02068"},{"key":"2016092517180932000_175.5.387.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394717"},{"key":"2016092517180932000_175.5.387.10","first-page":"263","article-title":"The Danish national hospital register. 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