{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:49:12Z","timestamp":1776091752627,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Graves\u2019 disease is an autoimmune disorder. It is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism, but is rare in children. Patients are initially managed with antithyroid drugs (ATDs), such as methimazole\/carbimazole. A major disadvantage of treatment with ATD is the high risk of relapse, exceeding 70% of children treated for duration of 2 years, and the potential major side effects of the drug reported in exceptional cases. The major advantage of ATD treatment is that normal homeostasis of the hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013thyroid axis may be restored, with periods of drug treatment followed by freedom from medical intervention achieved in approximately 40\u201350% of cases after prolonged treatment with ATD, for several years, in recent studies. Alternative ablative treatments such as radioactive iodine and, less frequently and mostly in cases of very high volume goiters or in children under the age of 5 years, thyroidectomy, performed by pediatric surgeons with extensive experience should be proposed in cases of non-compliance, intolerance to medical treatment or relapse after prolonged medical treatment. Ablative treatments are effective against hyperthyroidism, but they require the subsequent administration of levothyroxine throughout the patient\u2019s life. This review considers data relating to the prognosis for Graves\u2019 disease remission in children and explores the limitations of study designs and results; and the emerging proposal for management through the prolonged use of ATD drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-16-0938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]],"date-time":"2017-04-06T00:50:14Z","timestamp":1491439814000},"page":"R59-R67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Arguments for the prolonged use of antithyroid drugs in children with Graves\u2019 disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Juliane","family":"L\u00e9ger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pital Universitaire Robert Debr\u00e9, Service d\u2019Endocrinologie Diab\u00e9tologie P\u00e9diatrique, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France"},{"name":"2Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"},{"name":"3Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (Inserm), Unit\u00e9 1141, DHU Protect, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Claude","family":"Carel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pital Universitaire Robert Debr\u00e9, Service d\u2019Endocrinologie Diab\u00e9tologie P\u00e9diatrique, Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France"},{"name":"2Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"},{"name":"3Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (Inserm), Unit\u00e9 1141, DHU Protect, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"ref821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-60-5-1019","article-title":"Management of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents","volume":"60","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"ref861","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008121","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1535","article-title":"Predicting the likelihood of remission in children with Graves disease : a prospective multicenter study","author":"GlaserNSStyneDM","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13099","article-title":"Graves\u2019 disease in children: long-term outcomes of medical therapy","volume":"85","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical 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