{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T16:08:31Z","timestamp":1788192511140,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Amiodarone is used for the maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with arrhythmias, but thyroid dysfunction (amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) or amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism (AIH)) is a common adverse effect. As the onset of AIT and AIH may be unpredictable, the value of long-term regular monitoring of amiodarone treated patients for thyroid dysfunction is still uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We retrospectively documented the frequency at which overt thyroid dysfunction was preceded by subclinical thyroid dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We included 303 patients treated with amiodarone between 1984 and 2007. AIT was defined as a lowered TSH level with an elevated free thyroxine (FT4) and AIH was defined as an elevated TSH level with a decreased or subnormal FT4. Subclinical AIT was defined as a lowered TSH level with a normal FT4 and subclinical AIH as an elevated TSH level with a normal FT4.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>200 men and 103 women, aged 62\u2009\u00b1\u200912.0 years, suffering from atrial (260) or ventricular (43) arrhythmias, were evaluated. During a median follow-up of 2.8 (1.0\u201325) years, 44 patients developed AIT and 33 AIH. In 42 (55%) patients who developed AIT\/AIH, earlier thyroid function tests showed no subclinical AIT or subclinical AIH. In 35 (45%) patients, AIT\/AIH was preceded by subclinical AIT or subclinical AIH (16\/44 for AIT and 19\/33 for AIH).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p> In a considerable proportion of patients who developed AIT\/AIH, earlier thyroid function tests showed no subclinical AIT\/AIH. Less than half of the patients with a subclinical event subsequently developed overt AIT\/AIH. This study provides data to reconsider the yield of regular testing of thyroid function to predict overt thyroid dysfunction in amiodarone treated patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-17-0018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]],"date-time":"2017-04-20T00:25:32Z","timestamp":1492647932000},"page":"9-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The clinical value of regular thyroid function tests during amiodarone treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Stan","family":"Benjamens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin P F","family":"Dullaart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim J","family":"Sluiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel","family":"Rienstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of CardiologyUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle C","family":"van Gelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of CardiologyUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thera P","family":"Links","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041705"},{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct065916"},{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.08.039"},{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2015.1100170","article-title":"Advances in the pharmacologic treatment of ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"16","author":"Schleifer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert opinion on Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0267","article-title":"The onset time of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) depends on AIT type","volume":"171","author":"Tomisti","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology\/European Federation of Endocrine Societies"},{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1907"},{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.7","first-page":"340","article-title":"Amiodarone and the thyroid: a 2012 update.","volume":"35","author":"Bogazzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"},{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03268.x"},{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euq049"},{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04087.x"},{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90187-3"},{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2390"},{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0417"},{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0229","article-title":"American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis","volume":"26","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid: Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association"},{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.15","first-page":"101","article-title":"Ploeg van der M","volume":"2012","author":"Hermus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Richtlijn Schildklierfunctiestoornissen Revisie"},{"key":"2017051717301479000_177.1.9.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.07.001","article-title":"Amiodarone and thyroid","volume":"23","author":"Eskes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Best practice & Research. 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