{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T05:17:10Z","timestamp":1789881430826,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) often have lowered testosterone levels and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Ectopic fat increases the risk of CVD, whereas subcutaneous gluteofemoral fat protects against CVD and has a beneficial adipokine-secreting profile.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) may reduce the content of ectopic fat and improve the adipokine profile in men with T2D.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Design and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study in 39 men aged 50\u201370 years with T2D and bioavailable testosterone levels &lt;7.3\u2009nmol\/L. Patients were randomized to TRT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) or placebo gel (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919) for 24 weeks. Thigh subcutaneous fat area (TFA, %fat of total thigh volume), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT, % fat of total abdominal volume) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT, % fat of total abdominal volume) were measured by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Hepatic fat content was estimated by single-voxel MR spectroscopy. Adiponectin and leptin levels were measured by in-house immunofluorometric assay. Coefficients (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>) represent the placebo-controlled mean effect of intervention.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>TFA (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22123.3 percentage points (pp), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009), SAT (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22123.0\u2009pp, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006), levels of adiponectin (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.4\u2009mg\/L, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.045), leptin (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22124.3\u2009\u00b5g\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), leptin:adiponectin ratio (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.53, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and HDL cholesterol (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.11\u2009mmol\/L, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009) decreased during TRT compared with placebo. Hepatic fat content and VAT were unchanged.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The effects of TRT on cardiovascular risk markers were ambiguous. We observed potentially harmful changes in cardiovascular risk parameters, markedly reduced subcutaneous fat and unchanged ectopic fat during TRT and a reduction in adiponectin levels. On the other hand, the decrease in leptin and leptin:adiponectin ratio assessments could reflect an amelioration of the cardiovascular risk profile linked to hyperleptinaemia in ageing men with T2D.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-17-0071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,19]],"date-time":"2017-05-19T00:50:20Z","timestamp":1495155020000},"page":"157-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["MR spectroscopy of hepatic fat and adiponectin and leptin levels during testosterone therapy in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"L V","family":"Magnussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P E","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Departments of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"3Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Departments of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Ostojic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Centre of Radiology, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine-University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"H\u00f8jlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"name":"5Section of Molecular Diabetes & Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D M","family":"Hougaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A N","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T L","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Departments of Endocrinology and 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