{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T08:00:32Z","timestamp":1793520032820,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inflammatory infiltrates are sometimes present in solid tumors and may be coupled to clinical behavior or etiology. Infectious viruses contribute to tumorigenesis in a significant fraction of human neoplasias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Characterize inflammatory infiltrates and possible viral transcription in primary hyperparathyroidism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>From the period 2007 to 2016, a total of 55 parathyroid tumors (51 adenomas and 4 hyperplasias) with prominent inflammatory infiltrates were identified from more than 2000 parathyroid tumors in the pathology archives, and investigated by immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD45 and scored as +0, +1 or +2. Clinicopathological data were compared to 142 parathyroid adenomas without histological evidence of inflammation. Transcriptome sequencing was performed for 13 parathyroid tumors (four inflammatory, 9 non-inflammatory) to identify potential viral transcripts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tumors had prominent germinal center-like nodular (+2) lymphocytic infiltrates consisting of T and B lymphocytes (31%) and\/or diffuse (+1\u20132) infiltrates of predominantly CD8+ T lymphocytes (84%). In the majority of cases with adjacent normal parathyroid tissue, the normal rim was unaffected by the inflammatory infiltrates (96%). Presence of inflammatory infiltrates was associated with higher levels of serum-PTH (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2005=\u20050.007) and oxyphilic differentiation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2005=\u20050.002). Co-existent autoimmune disease was observed in 27% of patients with inflammatory infiltrates, which in turn was associated with oxyphilic differentiation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2005=\u20050.041). Additionally, prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs was associated with lower serum ionized calcium (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2005=\u20050.037).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>No evidence of virus-like sequences in the parathyroid tumors could be found by transcriptome sequencing, suggesting that other factors may contribute to attract the immune system to the parathyroid tumor tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-17-0277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]],"date-time":"2017-08-31T00:40:21Z","timestamp":1504140021000},"page":"445-453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Inflammatory infiltrates in parathyroid tumors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Felix","family":"Haglund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn M","family":"Hallstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga-Lena","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"4Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"H\u00f6\u00f6g","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C Christofer","family":"Juhlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catharina","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts684","article-title":"READSCAN: a fast and scalable pathogen discovery program with accurate genome relative abundance estimation","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4631","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2484","article-title":"Evidence of a functional estrogen receptor in parathyroid adenomas","volume":"97","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-1067","article-title":"Chronic autoimmune atrophic gastritis associated with primary hyperparathyroidism: a transversal prospective study","volume":"168","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2011.04001.x","article-title":"Inflammatory diseases of the parathyroid gland","volume":"59","year":"2011","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(92)90007-E","article-title":"The relationship between adenoma weight and intact (1\u201384) parathyroid hormone level in primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"163","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3513","article-title":"The landscape of viral expression and host gene fusion and adaptation in human cancer","volume":"4","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"86","article-title":"Is there a link between Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis and primary hyperparathyroidism? 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