{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T23:43:39Z","timestamp":1771544619630,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is unclear whether a short-term change in circulating androgens is associated with changes in the transcriptome of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the effect of hCG stimulation on the PBMC transcriptome, 12 boys with a median age (range) of 0.7 years (0.3, 11.2) who received intramuscular hCG 1500u on 3 consecutive days as part of their investigations underwent transcriptomic array analysis on RNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after hCG stimulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median pre- and post-hCG testosterone for the overall group was 0.7\u2009nmol\/L (&lt;0.5, 6) and 7.9\u2009nmol\/L (&lt;0.5, 31.5), respectively. Of the 12 boys, 3 (25%) did not respond to hCG stimulation with a pre and post median serum testosterone of &lt;0.5\u2009nmol\/L and &lt;0.5\u2009nmol\/L, respectively. When corrected for gene expression changes in the non-responders to exclude hCG effects, all 9 of the hCG responders consistently demonstrated a 20% or greater increase in the expression of<jats:italic>piR-37153<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>piR-39248<\/jats:italic>, non-coding PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). In addition, of the 9 responders, 8, 6 and 4 demonstrated a 30, 40 and 50% rise, respectively, in a total of 2 further piRNAs. In addition, 3 of the responders showed a 50% or greater rise in the expression of another small RNA,<jats:italic>SNORD5<\/jats:italic>. On comparing fold-change in serum testosterone with fold-change in the above transcripts, a positive correlation was detected for<jats:italic>SNORD5<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The identification of a dynamic and androgen-responsive PBMC transcriptome extends the potential value of the hCG test for the assessment of androgen sufficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-17-0404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,22]],"date-time":"2017-07-22T00:40:27Z","timestamp":1500684027000},"page":"339-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Androgen-responsive non-coding small RNAs extend the potential of HCG stimulation to act as a bioassay of androgen sufficiency"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"M 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