{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:49:02Z","timestamp":1790470142071,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The investigation and management of unilateral adrenal incidentalomas have been extensively considered in the last decades. While bilateral adrenal incidentalomas represent about 15% of adrenal incidentalomas (AIs), they have been less frequently discussed. The differential diagnosis of bilateral incidentalomas includes metastasis, primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia and bilateral cortical adenomas. Less frequent etiologies are bilateral pheochromocytomas, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), Cushing\u2019s disease or ectopic ACTH secretion with secondary bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, primary malignancies, myelolipomas, infections or hemorrhage. The investigation of bilateral incidentalomas includes the same hormonal evaluation to exclude excess hormone secretion as recommended in unilateral AI, but diagnosis of CAH and adrenal insufficiency should also be excluded. This review is focused on the differential diagnosis, investigation and treatment of bilateral AIs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-18-0296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T15:50:25Z","timestamp":1525967425000},"page":"R57-R67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Differential diagnosis, investigation and therapy of bilateral adrenal incidentalomas"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Bourdeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"El Ghorayeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Lacroix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, 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