{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T15:35:07Z","timestamp":1779896107148,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"Background\/aim<\/jats:title>PET with 6-[18F]fluor-l<\/jats:sc>-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18<\/jats:sup>F-FDOPA) has been shown to be a useful imaging tool with a high sensitivity for the visualization of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).18<\/jats:sup>F-FDOPA uptake in tumors other than NETs has been suggested previously, but data on this phenomenon are limited. We therefore studied the non-physiological, false-positive uptake of18<\/jats:sup>F-FDOPA in a large population of patients with a NET or with a high clinical suspicion of harboring a NET.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>Retrospective single-center study among adult patients in whom18<\/jats:sup>F-FDOPA PET scintigraphy was performed between January 2004 and December 2014. The original scan report was compared with the original pathology report corresponding with the18<\/jats:sup>F-FDOPA PET-positive lesion. In case this was inconsistent with the diagnosis of a NET, both the scan and the pathology slides were reassessed. Specimens of these non-NET tissues were immunohistochemically stained for AADC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>107018<\/jats:sup>F-FDOPA PET scans from 705 patients were evaluated. Focal or multiple18<\/jats:sup>F-FDOPA-avid lesions were described in 70918<\/jats:sup>F-FDOPA PET scans (66%). Histology of these18<\/jats:sup>F-FDOPA PET-positive lesions was present in 508 (72%) cases. In seven cases, the histopathology was not compatible with NET but showed squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, multiple myeloma (two cases), hepatocellular carcinoma, Schwannoma, adrenocortical carcinoma and a skeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, with positive immunohistochemical staining for AADC in 67%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Pathological uptake of18<\/jats:sup>F-FDOPA does not always indicate the presence of a NET. The possibility of18<\/jats:sup>F-FDOPA uptake by tumor types other than NETs, although rare, should be considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-18-0321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T16:20:52Z","timestamp":1528302052000},"page":"125-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["False-positive findings on 6-[18F]fluor-l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine PET (18F-FDOPA-PET) performed for imaging of neuroendocrine tumors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Annika M A","family":"Berends","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel N","family":"Kerstens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janne W","family":"Bolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thera P","family":"Links","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Korpershoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam and Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald R","family":"de Krijger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam and Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemiek M E","family":"Walenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Departments of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Noordzij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boudewijn","family":"van Etten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Departments of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The 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