{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:39:43Z","timestamp":1791308383527,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common microvascular complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Apart from hyperglycemia, few modifiable risk factors have been identified. Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, implicated in the causal pathway of microangiopathy. We investigated whether baseline plasma endothelin-1 and other metabolic and vascular risk factors predicted the incidence of DPN.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This is a 3-year observational, cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In patients with T2D (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092057), anthropometric data, fasting blood, and urine were collected for biochemistry and urine albumin\/creatinine measurements. Forearm cutaneous endothelial reactivity was assessed by iontophoresis and laser Doppler flowmetry\/imaging. Measurements were repeated on follow-up. Incident DPN was considered present if an abnormal finding in monofilament (&lt;8 of 10 points) or neurothesiometer testing was \u226525 volts on either foot at 3-year follow-up, but normal at baseline. Plasma endothelin-1 was assessed by ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>At baseline, mean age of patients was 57.4\u2009\u00b1\u200910.8 years old and prevalence of DPN was 10.8%. Of the 1767 patients without DPN, 1250 patients returned for follow-up assessment ((2.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7) years), with a 10.7% incidence of DPN. Patients with incident DPN had significantly higher baseline endothelin-1 (1.43 (1.19\u20131.73) vs 1.30 (1.06\u20131.63)) pg\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards ratio showed a 1-<jats:sc>s.d.<\/jats:sc> increase in log endothelin-1 (adjusted HR: 4.345 (1.451\u201313.009), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009), systolic blood pressure (per 10-unit) (adjusted HR: 1.107 (1.001\u20131.223), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047) and diabetes duration (adjusted HR: 1.025 (1.004\u20131.047), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017) predicted incident DPN, after adjustment for glycemic control, eGFR, albuminuria, peripheral arterial disease and retinopathy status.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Higher baseline endothelin-1, blood pressure and diabetes duration were significant and independent predictors for incident DPN. Validation of our findings in independent cohorts and molecular mechanistic studies will help better our understanding on the role of endothelin-1 in DPN.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-19-0523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T16:16:24Z","timestamp":1581524184000},"page":"429-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Endothelin-1 predicts incident diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Sharon Li Ting","family":"Pek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Chi","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"2Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"3Division of Endocrinology. Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"5Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keven","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pek Yee","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Yishun Polyclinic, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wern Ee","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Yishun Polyclinic, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chee Fang","family":"Sum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"3Division of Endocrinology. Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subramaniam","family":"Tavintharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"2Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"3Division of Endocrinology. Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","container-title":["European Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/182\/4\/EJE-19-0523.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/182\/4\/EJE-19-0523.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T16:13:44Z","timestamp":1676391224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article\/182\/4\/429\/6653955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-19-0523","relation":{},"ISSN":["0804-4643","1479-683X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0804-4643","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-683X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}}}