{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:02:46Z","timestamp":1792141366256,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Non-palpable testes remain a diagnostic challenge, often involving exploratory laparoscopy. We evaluated the diagnostic value of a wide range of reproductive hormones in order to distinguish between bilateral cryptorchidism and bilateral anorchia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this retrospective study, we identified and included 36 boys with non-palpable testes (20 with cryptorchidism, 3 with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH), and 13 with anorchia) at first examination during childhood.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Information on karyotype, phenotype, surgical results from laparoscopy, and biochemistry was retrieved from patient files. We compared serum concentrations of AMH, inhibin B, FSH, LH, testosterone, estradiol, and hCG stimulation testing in cryptorchid and anorchid boys to serum concentrations in a large, age-matched control group. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were used to determine the cut-off values of each reproductive hormone as a predictor of the presence of functional testicular tissue.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Concentrations of AMH in 0\u20131 year olds: \u2265155 pmol\/L and &gt;1\u201315 year olds: \u226519 pmol\/L, inhibin B (\u226522 pg\/mL and \u22654 pg\/mL), FSH (\u226428.9 IU\/L and \u226420.3 IU\/L) and hCG-induced testosterone (&gt;1-15 year olds: \u22652 nmol\/L) were significantly sensitive and specific markers in predicting the presence of functional testicular tissue in boys with non-palpable testes. In infancy, anorchid infants had significantly elevated gonadotropin levels, while CHH had low levels.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our findings suggest that laparoscopy may not be necessary in all boys with non-palpable testes if reproductive hormones unequivocally confirm the presence of functional testicular tissue. However, proving the absence may still be a diagnostic challenge.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-20-0041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T11:00:01Z","timestamp":1589799601000},"page":"107-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Distinguishing between hidden testes and anorchia: the role of endocrine evaluation in infancy and childhood"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Kirstine","family":"Jespersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"2International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Lindhardt","family":"Ljubicic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"2International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trine Holm","family":"Johannsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"2International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"2International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels E","family":"Skakkebaek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"2International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Juul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"2International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","container-title":["European Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/183\/1\/EJE-20-0041.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/183\/1\/EJE-20-0041.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T16:14:27Z","timestamp":1676391267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article\/183\/1\/107\/6653721"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-20-0041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0804-4643","1479-683X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0804-4643","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-683X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}}}