{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T20:09:59Z","timestamp":1785355799325,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Co-aggregation of autoimmune diseases is common, suggesting partly shared etiologies. Genetic factors are believed to be important, but objective measures of environmental vs heritable influences on co-aggregation are absent. With a novel approach to twin studies, we aimed at estimating heritability and genetic overlap in seven organ-specific autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Prospective twin cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We used a cohort of 110 814 twins to examine co-aggregation and heritability of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis, atrophic gastritis, celiac disease, Graves\u2019 disease, type 1 diabetes, vitiligo and Addison\u2019s disease. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for twins developing the same or different disease as compared to their co-twin. The differences between monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were used to estimate the genetic influence on co-aggregation. Heritability for individual disorders was calculated using structural equational modeling adjusting for censoring and truncation of data.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Co-aggregation was more pronounced in monozygotic twins (median HR: 3.2, range: 2.2\u20139.2) than in dizygotic twins (median HR: 2.4, range: 1.1\u201310.0). Heritability was moderate for atrophic gastritis (0.38, 95% CI: 0.23\u20130.53) but high for all other diseases, ranging from 0.60 (95% CI: 0.49\u20130.71) for Graves\u2019 disease to 0.97 (95% CI: 0.91\u20131.00) for Addison\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Overall, co-aggregation was more pronounced in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins, suggesting that disease overlap is largely attributable to genetic factors. Co-aggregation was common, and twins faced up to a ten-fold risk of developing diseases not present in their co-twin. Our results validate and refine previous heritability estimates based on smaller twin cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-20-0049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]],"date-time":"2020-03-31T07:43:08Z","timestamp":1585640588000},"page":"473-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Co-aggregation and heritability of organ-specific autoimmunity: a population-based twin study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Jakob","family":"Skov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"2Department of Medicine, Karlstad Central Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"4Department of Endocrinology, Inflammation and Infection Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Kuja-Halkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"H\u00f6ijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soffia","family":"Gudbj\u00f6rnsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Departent of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"8Swedish National Diabetes Register, V\u00e4stra G\u00f6talandsregionen, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Marie","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Swedish National Diabetes Register, V\u00e4stra G\u00f6talandsregionen, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrik K E","family":"Magnusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas F","family":"Ludvigsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"9Department of pediatrics, \u00d6rebro University Hospital, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olle","family":"K\u00e4mpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"4Department of Endocrinology, Inflammation and Infection Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"10K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Bensing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"4Department of Endocrinology, Inflammation and Infection Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","container-title":["European Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/182\/5\/EJE-20-0049.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/182\/5\/EJE-20-0049.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T16:14:28Z","timestamp":1676391268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article\/182\/5\/473\/6653969"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-20-0049","relation":{},"ISSN":["0804-4643","1479-683X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0804-4643","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-683X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}}}