{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:53:17Z","timestamp":1790268797802,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The use of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) worsens glucose tolerance, but the risk for glucose metabolism disorders remains controversial.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study is a prospective longitudinal population-based cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study was based on a cohort population that comprised 1879 women born in 1966. At age 46, the women answered a questionnaire on contraceptive use and underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Glucose metabolism indices were evaluated in current CHC (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 153), progestin-only contraceptive (POC, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 842), and non-hormonal contraceptive users (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 884).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In the entire study population, current CHC use was significantly associated with prediabetes (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3\u20133.2) and type 2 diabetes (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.1\u20139.7) compared to non-hormonal contraceptive use. After 5 years of use, the prediabetes risk increased 2.2-fold (95% CI: 1.3\u20133.7) and type 2 diabetes risk increased 4.5-fold (95% CI: 1.5\u201313.5). Compared with the current POC use, current CHC use was significantly associated with prediabetes (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2\u20133.0). Current POC use was not associated with any glucose metabolism disorders. The results prevailed after adjusting for BMI and socioeconomic status.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>CHC use in perimenopausal women was associated with a significantly increased risk of glucose metabolism disorders. This association should be considered in women with increased metabolic risk.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-20-0406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T15:30:58Z","timestamp":1601307058000},"page":"619-626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Current use of combined hormonal contraception is associated with glucose metabolism disorders in perimenopausal women"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Maria-Elina","family":"Mosorin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, and PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annina","family":"Haverinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meri-Maija","family":"Ollila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, and PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Nordstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"5Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"Jokelainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"5Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirkka","family":"Kein\u00e4nen-Kiukaanniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"4Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katri","family":"Puukka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Nordlab Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimo","family":"Ruokonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Nordlab Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Auvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"4Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terhi","family":"Piltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, and PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Morin-Papunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, and PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha S","family":"Tapanainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, and PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","container-title":["European Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/183\/6\/EJE-20-0406.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/eje\/183\/6\/EJE-20-0406.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T16:15:02Z","timestamp":1676391302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article\/183\/6\/619\/6653873"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-20-0406","relation":{},"ISSN":["0804-4643","1479-683X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0804-4643","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-683X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}}}