{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:37:55Z","timestamp":1789605475373,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic has generated an explosion of interest both in the mechanisms of infection leading to dissemination and expression of this disease, and in potential risk factors that may have a mechanistic basis for disease propagation or control. Vitamin D has emerged as a factor that may be involved in these two areas. The focus of this article is to apply our current understanding of vitamin D as a facilitator of immunocompetence both with regard to innate and adaptive immunity and to consider how this may relate to COVID-19 disease. There are also intriguing potential links to vitamin D as a factor in the cytokine storm that portends some of the most serious consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Moreover, cardiac and coagulopathic features of COVID-19 disease deserve attention as they may also be related to vitamin D. Finally, we review the current clinical data associating vitamin D with SARS-CoV-2 infection, a putative clinical link that at this time must still be considered hypothetical.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-20-0665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T16:51:04Z","timestamp":1596646264000},"page":"R133-R147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":305,"title":["MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Vitamin D and COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"183","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1570-2617","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John P","family":"Bilezikian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandini","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varta","family":"Babalyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Osteoporosis Center of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9964-142X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Hutchings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Napoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, 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