{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:15:42Z","timestamp":1790007342458,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n We aimed to investigate the interaction of reduced skeletal muscle mass and abdominal obesity on coronary artery calcification (CAC).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design and methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 19 728 adults free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) who contemporaneously underwent cardiac tomography and bioelectrical impedance analysis were enrolled in a cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated using the following formula: SMI (%)\u2009=\u2009total appendicular muscle mass (kg)\/body weight (kg) \u00d7 100 according to sex. CAC presence or incidence was defined as CAC score > 0, and CAC progression was defined as \u221aCAC score (follow-up) \u2013 \u221aCAC score (baseline)>2.5. Pre-sarcopenia was defined as SMI \u2264 \u22121.0\n s.d.<\/jats:sc>\n of the sex-specific mean of a young reference group. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference \u2265 90 cm for men and \u226585 cm for women. All individuals were further classified into four groups: normal, abdominal obesity alone, pre-sarcopenia alone, and pre-sarcopenic obesity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Individuals with pre-sarcopenic obesity showed the highest adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for CAC presence (AOR 2.16, 95% CI : 1.98\u20132.36,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) as well as total CAC incidence and progression (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.37\u20131.75,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), compared with normal individuals. Pre-sarcopenic obesity significantly increased CAC incidence and progression compared to either pre-sarcopenia or abdominal obesity alone.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Pre-sarcopenia and abdominal obesity together were significantly associated with a higher CAC presence and increased risk of CAC incidence and progression, independent of traditional CVD risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-20-0885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T15:38:30Z","timestamp":1618414710000},"page":"867-877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Additive effect of low skeletal muscle mass and abdominal obesity on coronary artery calcification"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Jun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea pages: 867-878"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mira","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Health Promotion Center, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Man","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyunga","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You-Cheol","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea pages: 867-878"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In-Kyung","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea pages: 867-878"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Hyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"5Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","container-title":["European Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/184\/6\/EJE-20-0885.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/eje\/184\/6\/EJE-20-0885.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T11:15:34Z","timestamp":1676373334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article\/184\/6\/867\/6653999"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-20-0885","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-40818\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0804-4643","1479-683X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0804-4643","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-683X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]}}}