{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:52:24Z","timestamp":1776091944619,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients and occurs in about 30% of patients with pneumonia. Hyponatremia has been associated with a worse outcome in several pathologic conditions The main objective of this study was to determine whether serum sodium alterations may be independent predictors of the outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Design and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this observational study, data from 441 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to a University Hospital were collected. After excluding 61 patients (no serum sodium at admission available, saline solution infusion before sodium assessment, transfer from another hospital), data from 380 patients were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>274 (72.1%) patients had normonatremia at admission, 87 (22.9%) patients had hyponatremia and 19 (5%) patients had hypernatremia. We found an inverse correlation between serum sodium and IL-6, whereas a direct correlation between serum sodium and PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> ratio was observed. Patients with hyponatremia had a higher prevalence of non-invasive ventilation and ICU transfer than those with normonatremia or hypernatremia. Hyponatremia was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (2.7-fold increase vs normonatremia) and each mEq\/L of serum sodium reduction was associated with a 14.4% increased risk of death.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These results suggest that serum sodium at admission may be considered as an early prognostic marker of disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-20-1447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T17:50:21Z","timestamp":1620237021000},"page":"137-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Serum sodium alterations in SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: impact on patient outcome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Berni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Internal Medicine Unit 3, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Malandrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Endocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Azienda Usl Bologna Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Endocrinology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"5Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u2018Mario Serio\u2019, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Parenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Endocrinology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"6Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Fibbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Endocrinology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"6Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Poggesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Internal Medicine Unit 3, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"2Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Bartoloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"7Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Lavorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"8Pneumology and Thoraco Pulmonary Pathophysiology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Internal Medicine Unit 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Scocchera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Internal Medicine Unit 2, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Nozzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Internal Medicine Unit 1, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Peris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11Intensive Care Unit and Regional ECMO Referral Center, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Pieralli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12High Intensity Internal Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Pini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"13Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ungar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"14Geriatric-UTIG Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Peri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Endocrinology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"5Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u2018Mario Serio\u2019, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"6Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","container-title":["European Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/185\/1\/EJE-20-1447.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/eje\/185\/1\/EJE-20-1447.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T16:16:09Z","timestamp":1676391369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article\/185\/1\/137\/6654304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-20-1447","relation":{},"ISSN":["0804-4643","1479-683X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0804-4643","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-683X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}}}