{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T21:29:34Z","timestamp":1774819774779,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Childhood brain tumor survivors (CBTS) are at risk to develop hypothalamic\u2013pituitary (HP) dysfunction (HPD). The risk for HPD may vary between different age groups due to maturation of the brain and differences in oncologic treatment protocols. Specific studies on HPD in infant brain tumor survivors (infant-BTS, 0\u20131 years at diagnosis) or toddler brain tumor survivors (toddler-BTS, \u22651\u20133 years) have not been performed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A retrospective nationwide cohort study in CBTS was performed. Prevalence and risk factors for HPD were compared between infant-, toddler-, and older-BTS. Subgroup analysis was performed for all non-irradiated CBTS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009460).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In total, 718 CBTS were included, with a median follow-up time of 7.9 years. Overall, despite the less frequent use of radiotherapy (RT) in infants, no differences in the prevalence of HPD were found between the three groups. RT (OR: 16.44; 95% CI: 8.93\u201330.27), suprasellar tumor location (OR: 44.76; 95% CI: 19.00\u2013105.49), and younger age (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.05\u20131.18) were associated with HP dysfunction. Infant-BTS and toddler-BTS showed more weight gain (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009 &lt; 0.0001) and smaller height SDS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2009=\u20090.001) during follow-up. In non-irradiated CBTS, infant-BTS and toddler-BTS were significantly more frequently diagnosed with TSH-, ACTH-, and ADH deficiency, compared to older-BTS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Infant and toddler brain tumor survivors seem to be more vulnerable to develop HP dysfunction than older children. These results emphasize the importance of special infant and toddler brain tumor treatment protocols and the need for endocrine surveillance in children treated for a brain tumor at a young age.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-21-0137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T17:44:32Z","timestamp":1627580672000},"page":"597-606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors of hypothalamic\u2013pituitary dysfunction in infant and toddler childhood brain tumor survivors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9897-334X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C A","family":"Lebbink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"2Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T P","family":"Ringers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A Y N","family":"Schouten-van Meeteren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"van Iersel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S C","family":"Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A M","family":"Boot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H L","family":"Claahsen-van der Grinten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children\u2019s Hospital, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G O","family":"Janssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess M\u00e1xima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D G","family":"van Vuurden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E M","family":"Michiels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K S","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A S P","family":"van Trotsenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5417-0265","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"W P","family":"Vandertop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L C M","family":"Kremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H M","family":"van Santen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"2Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","container-title":["European Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/185\/4\/EJE-21-0137.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/eje\/185\/4\/EJE-21-0137.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T16:16:22Z","timestamp":1676391382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article\/185\/4\/597\/6654356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-21-0137","relation":{},"ISSN":["0804-4643","1479-683X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0804-4643","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-683X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}}}