{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:56:50Z","timestamp":1790488610439,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Brown adipose tissue (BAT) controls metabolic rate through thermogenesis. As its regulatory factors during the transition from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism are not well established, our study investigated the relationships between supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (sBAT) activity and physiological\/metabolic changes with changes in thyroid status.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Participants with newly diagnosed Graves\u2019 disease were recruited. A thionamide antithyroid drug (ATD) such as carbimazole (CMZ) or thiamazole (TMZ) was prescribed in every case. All underwent energy expenditure (EE) measurement and supraclavicular infrared thermography (IRT) within a chamber calorimeter, as well as <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose (<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG) positron-emission tomography\/magnetic resonance (PET\/MR) imaging scanning, with clinical and biochemical parameters measured during hyperthyroidism and repeated in early euthyroidism. PET sBAT mean\/maximum standardized uptake value (SUV mean\/max), MR supraclavicular fat fraction (sFF) and mean temperature (Tscv) quantified sBAT activity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Twenty-one (16 female\/5 male) participants aged 39.5 \u00b1 2.5 years completed the study. The average duration to attain euthyroidism was 28.6 \u00b1 2.3 weeks. Eight participants were BAT-positive while 13 were BAT-negative. sFF increased with euthyroidism (72.3 \u00b1 1.4% to 76.8 \u00b1 1.4%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), but no changes were observed in PET SUV mean and Tscv. Significant changes in serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were related to BAT status (interaction <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value\u2009=\u20090.04). FT3 concentration at hyperthyroid state was positively associated with sBAT PET SUV mean (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.58, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Hyperthyroidism does not consistently lead to a detectable increase in BAT activity. FT3 reduction during the transition to euthyroidism correlated with BAT activity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-21-0366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T12:59:17Z","timestamp":1627995557000},"page":"553-563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Metabolic effects of brown fat in transitioning from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui Jen","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Govindharajulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh Anand","family":"Sadananthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navin","family":"Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaligar","family":"Jadegoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiani Jeyakumar","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"},{"name":"4Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S Sendhil","family":"Velan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"},{"name":"2Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"},{"name":"5Departments of Physiology & Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei Shan","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"},{"name":"7Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingshan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"},{"name":"7Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda Su Ping","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"},{"name":"7Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiling","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"},{"name":"7Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chee Kian","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"},{"name":"7Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy Peng Lim","family":"Quek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"},{"name":"7Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaikh A K K","family":"Abdul Shakoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"},{"name":"7Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai Han","family":"Hoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"},{"name":"7Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siew Pang","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Ek","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"},{"name":"7Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinkoo","family":"Dalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"},{"name":"7Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melvin Khee Shing","family":"Leow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"},{"name":"6Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"},{"name":"7Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore"},{"name":"8Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"9Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","container-title":["European Journal of 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