{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T23:26:09Z","timestamp":1777332369037,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":384,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID-19 has changed the nature of medical consultations, emphasizing virtual patient counselling, with relevance for patients with diabetes insipidus (DI) or hyponatraemia. The main complication of desmopressin treatment in DI is dilutional hyponatraemia. Since plasma sodium monitoring is not always possible in times of COVID-19, we recommend to delay the desmopressin dose once a week until aquaresis occurs allowing excess retained water to be excreted. Patients should measure their body weight daily. Patients with DI admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 have a high risk for mortality due to volume depletion. Specialists must supervise fluid replacement and dosing of desmopressin. Patients after pituitary surgery should drink to thirst and measure their body weight daily to early recognize the development of postoperative SIAD. They should know hyponatraemia symptoms. Hyponatraemia in COVID-19 is common with a prevalence of 20\u201330% and is mostly due to SIAD or hypovolaemia. It mirrors disease severity and is an early predictor of mortality. Hypernatraemia may also develop in COVID-19 patients, with a prevalence of 3\u20135%, especially in ICU, and derives from different multifactorial reasons, for example, due to insensible water losses from pyrexia, increased respiration rate and use of diuretics. Hypernatraemic dehydration may contribute to the high risk of acute kidney injury in COVID-19. IV fluid replacement should be administered with caution in severe cases of COVID-19 because of the risk of pulmonary oedema.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-21-0596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T17:40:02Z","timestamp":1626975602000},"page":"G35-G42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["ENDOCRINOLOGY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19-2021 UPDATES: The management of diabetes insipidus and hyponatraemia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Christ-Crain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewout J","family":"Hoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Sherlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital\/RCSI Medical School , Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris J","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital\/RCSI Medical School , Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Wass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital , Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023021911584742800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G9","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-0338","article-title":"Endocrinology in the time of COVID-19: management of diabetes insipidus and hyponatraemia","volume":"183","author":"Christ-Crain","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"2023021911584742800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-1447","article-title":"Serum sodium alterations in SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: impact on patient outcome","volume":"185","author":"Berni","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"2023021911584742800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-021-01036-8","article-title":"Hyponatremia is associated with poor outcome in COVID-19","author":"De Carvalho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of 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