{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:32:42Z","timestamp":1790195562851,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Catch-up in weight-for-length in the first year of life results in more insulin resistance, an adverse lipid profile and more fat mass (FM) in 21-year-old adults born small for gestational age (SGA-CU) compared to peers born SGA without catch-up and those born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). The aim of present study was to investigate if the adverse metabolic health profile in the SGA-CU group would worsen or remain stable over the years and to determine the cardiometabolic health at 32 years between the SGA and AGA groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We longitudinally investigated 287 adults, 170 SGA with catch-up growth (SGA-CU) or persistent short stature (SGA-S) and 117 AGA at ages 21 and 32 years. Insulin sensitivity (Si) and \u03b2-cell function were measured by frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance test, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, and abdominal adipose tissue and liver fat fraction by MRI scan. Also, fasting serum lipid levels and blood pressure were measured.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At age 32 years, SGA-CU had lower Si than AGA (P\u2009\u2009=\u20090.030), while SGA-S had similar Si than AGA. FM and trunk fat were higher in SGA-CU than AGA (P\u2009\u2009=\u20090.033, P\u2009\u2009=\u20090.024, respectively), while SGA-S had lower lean body mass than SGA-CU and AGA (P\u2009\u2009=\u20090.001 and P\u2009 &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively). SGA-CU had significantly higher levels of adverse lipids than AGA. Beta-cell function, visceral fat, liver fat fraction and blood pressure were similar in all groups. Metabolic health parameters in SGA-CU and SGA-S did not worsen compared to AGA during 11 years of follow-up. Gain in weight SDS from birth to age 32 years was associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome at age 32 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At age 32 years, SGA-CU adults had insulin resistance, higher FM with central adiposity and an adverse lipid profile. Postnatal catch-up growth increases the cardiometabolic risk; therefore, accelerated gain in weight should be prevented in SGA-born children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-21-1130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T10:06:32Z","timestamp":1651831592000},"page":"15-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["SGA-born adults with postnatal catch-up have a persistently unfavourable metabolic health profile and increased adiposity at age 32 years"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1990-1090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wesley Jim","family":"Goedegebuure","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Dutch Growth Research Foundation , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manouk","family":"Van der Steen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dutch Growth Research Foundation , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina Catharina Johanna","family":"Smeets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerthe Femke","family":"Kerkhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita Charlotte Suzanne","family":"Hokken-Koelega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus 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