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Destructive thyrotoxicosis appeared 4\u20136 months after starting IFN-\u03b1, followed by Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism within 8 to11 months. The thyrotropin (TSH) level was normal before IFN-\u03b1 was started. The diagnosis of destructive thyroiditis was confirmed by anti-TSH receptor antibody (TSHRAb) negativity and the absence of radionuclide (<jats:sup>123<\/jats:sup>I or <jats:sup>99<\/jats:sup>Tc) uptake on thyroid scintiscans. Eight to eleven months after starting treatment, TSHRAb positivity and intense scintigraphic uptake confirmed the appearance of Graves\u2019 disease. IFN-\u03b1 was continued in only one patient. Hence, hyperthyroidism induced by IFN-\u03b1 could correspond to the first phase of silent thyroiditis, to Graves\u2019 disease or to the succession of both. Rigorous diagnostic procedures with repeated scintiscans and TSHRAb titering are necessary to avoid a false diagnosis and inappropriate therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,23]],"date-time":"2006-02-23T22:52:53Z","timestamp":1140735173000},"page":"367-372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Interferon-\u03b1-induced hyperthyroidism: a three-stage evolution from silent thyroiditis towards Graves\u2019 disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Nathalie Le\u0301vy","family":"Bohbot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Orgiazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Buffet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maud","family":"Franc\u0327ois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Bernard-Chabert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ce\u0301line","family":"Lukas-Croisier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Delemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1_18282476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3656","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0627","volume":"89","author":"Carella","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; 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