{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:17:14Z","timestamp":1784557034098,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eo.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate clinical outcomes, safety and survival measures of octreotide infusion pump (OIP) therapy in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and refractory hormonal syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from patients treated with OIP therapy at a single center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data on demographics, disease characteristics, biochemical profiles and treatment outcomes were extracted from electronic patient records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighteen patients with NETs and debilitating symptoms refractory to maximum approved doses of somatostatin analogs (SSTAs) were included. The cohort comprised 18 patients (12 males (67%) and six females (33%)) with a median age of 64.5 years (IQR: 49.5\u201371). The most common tumor site was midgut (72.2%), followed by pancreas (22.2%). Refractory carcinoid syndrome was the primary indication for initiation of OIP therapy in 15 patients and VIPoma in three. Most tumors were WHO grade 1 or 2 (89%), and liver metastases were prevalent (94% of patients). At presentation, the median 24-h urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) level was 421.5 \u03bcmoL\/24 h (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 8). The mean starting OIP dose was 1,632 \u00b1 522 \u03bcg\/24 h, escalating to 2,166.7 \u00b1 464 \u03bcg\/24 h in 66.57% of patients. Symptomatic improvement was observed in 72% of patients, significantly reducing flushing and diarrhea. Patients who did not respond well to OIP therapy had more disease burden and had received more treatment lines before being started on OIP therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OIP therapy is an effective treatment option for symptom control in patients with refractory NET-related hormonal syndrome. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings and assess long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eo-25-0016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T14:40:10Z","timestamp":1745592010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Octreotide infusion pump in patients with functional neuroendocrine tumors and refractory hormonal syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7884-0403","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kalyan Mansukhbhai","family":"Shekhda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3310-1521","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eleni","family":"Armeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5237-8641","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dalvinder","family":"Mandair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3420-1420","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aspasia","family":"Manta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akanksha","family":"Sarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4417-7716","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aimee","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0177-1352","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martyn","family":"Caplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1152-7727","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christos","family":"Toumpanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Expert Rev Endocrinol Metabol","first-page":"33","article-title":"Resistance of neuroendocrine tumours to somatostatin analogs","volume":"18","author":"Angelousi A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Angelousi A\n, \nKoumarianou A\n, \nChatzellis E\n, et al\n. 2023 Resistance of neuroendocrine tumours to somatostatin analogs. 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