{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T16:36:58Z","timestamp":1793205418775,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":286,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a broad family of tumours arising from the diffuse neuroendocrine system and endocrine glands and vary widely in clinical behaviour ranging from indolent to highly aggressive. Established monoanalyte biomarkers, including chromogranin A and NEN-derived hormones, have clinical utility but they also have some major limitations including non-specificity for tumour origin, variable sensitivity between NEN subtypes, inconsistent correlation with prognostic factors including metastasis, and can be falsely elevated in common non-NEN pathologies. The expansion of investigative NEN biomarkers through advancing omics technologies and computational methods holds potential to improve diagnosis and prognostication and to aid in therapy selection or trial allocation. This review will outline established and evolving NEN circulating biomarkers and their roles in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/eo-25-0115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T15:00:47Z","timestamp":1791990047000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Circulating biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine neoplasms"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4493-8426","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Angie S","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Hospital 1 , ,","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"name":"Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre 2 , ,","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne 3 , ,","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"name":"Collaborative Centre for Genomic Cancer Medicine, University of Melbourne 4 , ,","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7631-9147","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emma","family":"Boehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre 2 , ,","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne 3 , ,","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"name":"Collaborative Centre for Genomic Cancer Medicine, University of Melbourne 4 , ,","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0127-6482","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sunita M C","family":"De Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Adelaide Hospital 5 , ,","place":["Adelaide, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roderick J","family":"Clifton-Bligh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal North Shore Hospital 6 , ,","place":["Sydney, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard W","family":"Tothill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne 3 , ,","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"name":"Collaborative Centre for Genomic Cancer Medicine, University of Melbourne 4 , ,","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne 7 , ,","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102812010898000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-022-09708-2","article-title":"Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of neuroendocrine 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