{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:55:29Z","timestamp":1791561329534,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":267,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) are rare and characterized by variable and heterogeneous clinical manifestations, comprising both symptoms and signs of tumor growth and systemic manifestations of hormonal hypersecretion. The diagnosis is challenging due to their rarity, neoplasm localization, and diverse secretory profiles. A subset of these neoplasms may develop in the context of inherited syndromes and harbor specific genetic alterations requiring genetic counseling of other family members. These particular features require a multidisciplinary approach for managing patients with a functioning PanNEN syndrome. Surgical resection of local disease, antisecretory medical treatment, locoregional treatment, and systemic treatments are employed on an individualized basis. The treatment landscape of advanced NENs progressing after systemic treatment or after exhibiting intolerance to sequential lines of treatment is rapidly evolving supporting the introduction of additional therapies with promising results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/eo-26-0005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:08:53Z","timestamp":1790352533000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: diagnosis and current treatment"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5552-8031","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Panagiota","family":"Konstantakou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aretaieio Athens Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 1 , ,","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariadni","family":"Spyroglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aretaieio Athens Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 1 , ,","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Tsoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence & EURACAN 4-Member, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 2 , ,","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0906-3617","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Angelousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (ENDO-ERN), Laikon General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 3 , ,","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Kaltsas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence & EURACAN 4-Member, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 2 , ,","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2398-6768","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Krystallenia I","family":"Alexandraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aretaieio Athens Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 1 , ,","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.15798","article-title":"Epidemiology of neuroendocrine neoplasms in the US","volume":"8","author":"Dasari","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13318","article-title":"European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society 2023 guidance paper for functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour syndromes","volume":"35","author":"Hofland","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16112075","article-title":"Hereditary syndromes associated with pancreatic and lung neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"16","author":"Papadopoulou-Marketou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-017-9437-9","article-title":"Management of neuroendocrine tumors of unknown primary","volume":"18","author":"Alexandraki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1159\/000341846","article-title":"Endocrinopathies and other disorders inducing a polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype","volume":"40","author":"Alexandraki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Horm Res"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-023-01085-0","article-title":"Management of functional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"24","author":"Magi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib7","first-page":"130","article-title":"Currently available treatment options for neuroendocrine liver metastases","volume":"34","author":"Machairas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13020304","article-title":"The role of somatostatin analogues in the control of diarrhea and flushing as markers of carcinoid syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Alexandraki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2017.10.08","article-title":"Management of functional neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas","volume":"7","author":"Oberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gland Surg"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coemr.2021.05.002","article-title":"Neuroendocrine neoplasms: evolving and future treatments","volume":"19","author":"Spyroglou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocr Metab Res"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-23-0020","article-title":"Emerging therapies for advanced insulinomas and glucagonomas","volume":"30","author":"Alexandraki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2018.14682","article-title":"Clinical presentation of 54 patients with endogenous hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: a neurological chameleon (observational study)","volume":"148","author":"Valente","year":"2018","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.9.6807","article-title":"Forty-eight-hour fast: the diagnostic test for insulinoma","volume":"85","author":"Hirshberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i6.829","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of insulinoma","volume":"19","author":"Okabayashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2020200025","article-title":"Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: 2020 update on pathologic and imaging findings and classification","volume":"40","author":"Khanna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000001615","article-title":"Diagnostic anatomic imaging for neuroendocrine neoplasms: maximizing strengths and mitigating weaknesses","volume":"48","author":"Hesami","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3678","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i23.3678","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a systematic review and meta analysis","volume":"19","author":"Puli","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.4.1810987","article-title":"Endoscopic sonography, and a combined protocol for preoperative evaluation of pancreatic insulinomas","volume":"181","author":"Gouya","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S127803","article-title":"Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms at magnetic resonance imaging: comparison between grade 3 and grade 1\/2 tumors","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.110016","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of noninvasive imaging modalities for localization of insulinoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"145","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R203","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0005","article-title":"Molecular imaging in the investigation of hypoglycaemic syndromes and their management","volume":"24","author":"Pattison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14406","article-title":"Exendin-4-based imaging in insulinoma localization: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.121.262401","article-title":"Value of (68)Ga-DOTATOC and carbidopa-assisted (18)F-DOPA PET\/CT for insulinoma localization","volume":"63","author":"Imperiale","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib24","volume-title":"Neuroendocrine Tumors","author":"Kiaer","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1002\/jlcr.3750","article-title":"Exendin-4 analogs in insulinoma theranostics","volume":"62","author":"Jansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Labelled Comp Radiopharm"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib26","first-page":"311","article-title":"Somatostatin receptor PET ligands \u2013 the next generation for clinical practice","volume":"8","author":"Pauwels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14143541","article-title":"[68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC uptake at pancreatic head\/uncinate process: is it a persistent diagnostic pitfall over time?","volume":"14","author":"Tabacchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib28","first-page":"55","article-title":"Localization of pancreatic insulinomas with arterial stimulation by calcium and hepatic venous sampling \u2013 presentation of a single centre experience","volume":"12","author":"Perkov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224928","article-title":"Diagnostic value of ASVS for insulinoma localization: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4322\/acr.2023.451","article-title":"Non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome (NIPHS)\/nesidioblastosis as the underlying cause of recurrent hypoglycemia in a diabetic adult","volume":"13","author":"Thapa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autops Case Rep"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R173","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-10-0024","article-title":"Paraneoplastic syndromes secondary to neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"17","author":"Kaltsas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5890","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i35.5890","article-title":"Gastrinoma and Zollinger Ellison syndrome: a roadmap for the management between new and old therapies","volume":"27","author":"Rossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5440","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i34.5440","article-title":"Sporadic versus hereditary gastrinomas of the duodenum and pancreas: distinct clinico-pathological and epidemiological features","volume":"12","author":"Anlauf","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000236956.74128.76","article-title":"Serum gastrin in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: I. Prospective study of fasting serum gastrin in 309 patients from the National Institutes of Health and comparison with 2229 cases from the literature","volume":"85","author":"Berna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200011000-00004","article-title":"Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Clinical presentation in 261 patients","volume":"79","author":"Roy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5495","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i39.5495","article-title":"Diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: increasingly difficult","volume":"18","author":"Ito","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2217\/ije-2017-0018","article-title":"Diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in the era of PPIs, faulty gastrin assays, sensitive imaging and limited access to acid secretory testing","volume":"4","author":"Metz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Endocr Oncol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e31802b518c","article-title":"Serum gastrin in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: II. Prospective study of gastrin provocative testing in 293 patients from the National Institutes of Health and comparison with 537 cases from the literature. Evaluation of diagnostic criteria, proposal of new criteria, and correlations with clinical and tumoral features","volume":"85","author":"Berna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad157","article-title":"Characteristics and treatment options of glucagonomas: a national study from the French Group of Endocrine Tumors and ENDOCAN-RENATEN network","volume":"189","author":"Perrier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s005340050052","article-title":"Glucagonomas\/diabetico-dermatogenic syndrome (DDS): a statistical evaluation of 407 reported cases","volume":"5","author":"Soga","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib41","volume-title":"Endotext","author":"de Herder","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.56.7230","article-title":"Challenging differential diagnosis of hypergastremia and hyperglucagonemia with chronic renal failure: report of a case with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1","volume":"56","author":"Murakami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19881215)62:12<2576::AID-CNCR2820621221>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"A combined glucagonoma and VIPoma syndrome. First pathologic and clinical report","volume":"62","author":"Cavallo-Perin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2004.036905","article-title":"Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy associated with glucagonoma","volume":"90","author":"Chang-Chretien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-23-0032","article-title":"Glucagon cell hyperplasia and neoplasia: a recently recognized endocrine receptor disease","volume":"30","author":"Sipos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-25-0087","article-title":"Familial Mahvash disease with metastatic pancreatic NET and MEN1 mutations","volume":"32","author":"Kuiper","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib47","first-page":"184","article-title":"Glucagonoma of the pancreas: diagnostic approach and therapeutic algorithm for a rare nosological entity","volume":"39","author":"Mastoraki","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-07-0221","article-title":"Pancreatic endocrine neoplasms: epidemiology and prognosis of pancreatic endocrine tumors","volume":"15","author":"Halfdanarson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.70219","article-title":"Characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with VIPoma-A retrospective analysis of the ENETS database","volume":"38","author":"Bartsch","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib50","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Helbing","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v14.i4.808","article-title":"Vasoactive intestinal peptide secreting tumour: an overview","volume":"14","author":"Una Cidon","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3181917e4e","article-title":"Survival and prognostic factor analysis in patients with metastatic pancreatic endocrine carcinomas","volume":"38","author":"Strosberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2021.08.001","article-title":"Efficacy of treatments for VIPoma: a GTE multicentric series","volume":"21","author":"Brugel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib54","volume-title":"Endotext","author":"de Herder","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-07-0157","article-title":"Somatostatin-producing neuroendocrine tumors of the duodenum and pancreas: incidence, types, biological behavior, association with inherited syndromes, and functional activity","volume":"15","author":"Garbrecht","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4322\/acr.2013.005","article-title":"Somatostatinoma syndrome: a challenging differential diagnosis among pancreatic tumors","volume":"3","author":"Vianna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autops Case Rep"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1308\/003588411X582681","article-title":"Pancreatic and peripancreatic somatostatinomas","volume":"93","author":"Williamson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.05053.x","article-title":"Somatostatinoma: clinico-pathological features of three cases and literature reviewed","volume":"23","author":"Nesi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R173","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0036","article-title":"Paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes","volume":"24","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2436","article-title":"Multiple and secondary hormone secretion in patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"101","author":"Crona","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib61","volume-title":"Endotext","author":"Tsoli","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-010-9139-z","article-title":"The ectopic ACTH syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Alexandraki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012","article-title":"Adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E627","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2592","article-title":"Unusual complication of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor presenting with malignant hypercalcemia","volume":"97","author":"Kanakis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1159\/000151222","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone-related peptide-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: case series and literature review","volume":"89","author":"Srirajaskanthan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e424","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000002320","article-title":"Epidemiology and prognostic nomogram for predicting long-term disease-specific survival in patients with pancreatic carcinoid tumor: a SEER-based study","volume":"53","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006201","article-title":"Pancreatic carcinoids (serotonin-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms): report of 5 cases and review of the literature","volume":"96","author":"Tsoukalas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3182015f5d","article-title":"Calcitonin-secreting pancreatic endocrine tumors: systematic analysis of a rare tumor entity","volume":"40","author":"Schneider","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2012.09.004","article-title":"Acromegaly induced by ectopic secretion of GHRH: a review 30 years after GHRH discovery","volume":"73","author":"Borson-Chazot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib70","article-title":"GHRH and insulin hypersecretion from a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1","volume":"4","author":"Lamback","year":"2026","journal-title":"JCEM Case Rep"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0639","article-title":"Successful treatment of residual pituitary adenoma in persistent acromegaly following localisation by 11C-methionine PET co-registered with MRI","volume":"175","author":"Koulouri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21063","article-title":"Whole-genome landscape of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"543","author":"Scarpa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib73","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 with concomitant existence of malignant insulinoma: a rare finding","volume":"2021","author":"Yadav","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1159\/000511791","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and the pancreas: diagnosis and treatment of functioning and non-functioning pancreatic and duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasia within the MEN1 syndrome \u2013 an international consensus statement","volume":"111","author":"Niederle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib75","first-page":"1302","article-title":"Insulinomas: from diagnosis to treatment. A review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Giannis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Buon"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0989","article-title":"Clinico-pathological features, treatments and survival of malignant insulinomas: a multicenter study","volume":"182","author":"Veltroni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2017.05.030","article-title":"Expanded criteria for debulking of liver metastasis also apply to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"163","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.8843","article-title":"Impact of lymphadenectomy on survival after surgery for sporadic gastrinoma","volume":"99","author":"Bartsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2012.1261","article-title":"Lymph nodes and survival in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"147","author":"Krampitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002122","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of results of reoperation in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome","volume":"267","author":"Norton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198604000-00003","article-title":"Aggressive resection of metastatic disease in selected patients with malignant gastrinoma","volume":"203","author":"Norton","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182536339","article-title":"Partial pancreaticoduodenectomy can provide cure for duodenal gastrinoma associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1","volume":"257","author":"Lopez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14081928","article-title":"Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the best surgical procedure for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1","volume":"14","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003162","article-title":"Metastatic potential and survival of duodenal and pancreatic tumors in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1: a GTE and AFCE cohort study (Groupe d\u2019etude des Tumeurs Endocrines and Association Francophone de Chirurgie Endocrinienne)","volume":"272","author":"Vinault","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200110000-00009","article-title":"Comparison of surgical results in patients with advanced and limited disease with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome","volume":"234","author":"Norton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-013-2490-5","article-title":"Putting the pieces together: necrolytic migratory erythema and the glucagonoma syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Halvorson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-022-02620-7","article-title":"Treatment options of metastatic and nonmetastatic VIPoma: a review","volume":"407","author":"Azizian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(05)70140-7","article-title":"The surgical management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"81","author":"Azimuddin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib89","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Jayaprakash","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2020.1743352","article-title":"Risk factors for short recurrence-free survival after resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET) liver metastases: which patients should undergo resection?","volume":"55","author":"Masui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00282","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation: a new therapeutic approach for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"104","author":"Oleinikov","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.4103\/EUS-D-21-00044","article-title":"EUS-guided radiofrequency and ethanol ablation for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Garg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endosc Ultrasound"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R261","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-16-0538","article-title":"Effect of hormone secretory syndromes on neuroendocrine tumor prognosis","volume":"24","author":"Zandee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2132","article-title":"Metachronous hormonal syndromes in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a case-series study","volume":"162","author":"de Mestier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-018-9443-6","article-title":"Supportive therapy in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: often forgotten but important","volume":"19","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib96","article-title":"Intermittent everolimus administration for malignant insulinoma","volume":"2014","author":"Baratelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2307576","article-title":"Anti-insulin receptor antibody for malignant insulinoma and refractory hypoglycemia","volume":"389","author":"Osataphan","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2013.767332","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Ito","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7286","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137286","article-title":"Long-term proton pump inhibitor-acid suppressive treatment can cause vitamin B(12) deficiency in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) patients","volume":"25","author":"Ito","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib100","first-page":"e46","article-title":"Manifestations of glucagonoma syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Alvarez","year":"2020","journal-title":"AACE Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30381-5","article-title":"Medical therapy of VIPomas","volume":"18","author":"O\u2019Dorisio","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001347","article-title":"Diagnostic and management challenges in vasoactive intestinal peptide secreting tumors: a series of 15 patients","volume":"48","author":"Angelousi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1316158","article-title":"Lanreotide in metastatic enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"371","author":"Caplin","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1159\/000443612","article-title":"Placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, randomized study on the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors (PROMID): results of long-term survival","volume":"104","author":"Rinke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13336","article-title":"ACTH-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a case-series","volume":"35","author":"Al-Toubah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac691","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of osilodrostat in paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome: a real-world multicenter study in France","volume":"108","author":"Dormoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib107","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism upregulates somatostatin receptor subtype 2 expression in ACTH-producing neuroendocrine tumors: new insight based on the selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator relacorilant","volume":"12","author":"Pivonello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200506093522322","article-title":"Cabergoline plus lanreotide for ectopic Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"352","author":"Pivonello","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-016-0539-6","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for the treatment of severe Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Alexandraki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13030","article-title":"Adrenalectomy in ectopic Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a retrospective cohort study from a tertiary care centre","volume":"33","author":"Lase","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1315","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) secretion by gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs): clinical features, diagnosis, management, and follow-up","volume":"99","author":"Kamp","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13146","article-title":"European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2022 guidance paper for carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid heart disease","volume":"34","author":"Grozinsky-Glasberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.4158\/EP151172.OR","article-title":"Evaluation of lanreotide depot\/autogel efficacy and safety as a carcinoid syndrome treatment (elect): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Vinik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1159\/000516958","article-title":"Long-term treatment with telotristat ethyl in patients with carcinoid syndrome symptoms: results from the TELEPATH study","volume":"112","author":"Horsch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.47162\/RJME.61.2.05","article-title":"Somatostatin receptors in normal and acromegalic somatotroph cells: the U-turn of the clinician to immunohistochemistry report \u2013 a review","volume":"61","author":"Ionovici","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2930","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcome of acromegaly induced by ectopic secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH): a French nationwide series of 21 cases","volume":"97","author":"Garby","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm9040048","article-title":"Role of receptor profiling for personalized therapy in a patient with a growth hormone-secreting macroadenoma resistant to first-generation somatostatin analogues","volume":"9","author":"Alexandraki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001569","article-title":"Effectiveness of liver-directed therapy for the management of intractable hypoglycemia in metastatic insulinoma","volume":"49","author":"Habibollahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-017-9431-2","article-title":"Liver transarterial embolizations in metastatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"18","author":"de Mestier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21389","article-title":"Hepatic arterial embolization and chemoembolization for the treatment of patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors: variables affecting response rates and survival","volume":"104","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607427","article-title":"Phase 3 trial of (177)Lu-Dotatate for midgut neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"376","author":"Strosberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01991","article-title":"Symptomatic and radiological response to 177Lu-DOTATATE for the treatment of functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"104","author":"Zandee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.123.265894","article-title":"Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy is effective for clinical control of symptomatic metastatic insulinoma: a long-term retrospective analysis","volume":"65","author":"Friebe","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-007-0691-z","article-title":"Hormonal crises following receptor radionuclide therapy with the radiolabeled somatostatin analogue [177Lu-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotate","volume":"35","author":"de Keizer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib125","first-page":"46","article-title":"Survival after somatostatin based radiopeptide therapy with (90)Y-DOTATOC vs. (90)Y-DOTATOC plus (177)Lu-DOTATOC in metastasized gastrinoma","volume":"5","author":"Dumont","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000891","article-title":"Glucagonoma pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor treated with 177Lu DOTATATE induction and maintenance peptide receptor radionuclide therapy","volume":"40","author":"Makis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib127","article-title":"Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for ectopic Cushing\u2019s syndrome caused by metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"4","author":"Boehm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr Oncol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009290","article-title":"Everolimus for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"364","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-1101","article-title":"Efficacy of everolimus in patients with metastatic insulinoma and refractory hypoglycemia","volume":"168","author":"Bernard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003825","article-title":"Sunitinib malate for the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"364","author":"Raymond","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1586\/era.13.45","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of sunitinib malate and its influence on blood glucose concentrations in a patient with metastatic insulinoma","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib132","first-page":"16748","article-title":"Rapid-onset Cushing syndrome induced by adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: a therapeutic challenge","volume":"134","author":"Komarnicki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pol Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403991","article-title":"Phase 3 trial of cabozantinib to treat advanced neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"392","author":"Chan","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01013","article-title":"Randomized study of temozolomide or temozolomide and capecitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (ECOG-ACRIN E2211)","volume":"41","author":"Kunz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1159\/000500135","article-title":"Activity and safety of standard and prolonged capecitabine\/temozolomide administration in patients with advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"109","author":"Chatzellis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-17-0325","article-title":"Combinatorial treatment with mTOR inhibitors and streptozotocin leads to synergistic in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects in insulinoma cells","volume":"17","author":"Bollard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib137","volume-title":"Endotext","author":"Jensen","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4762","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.04.024","article-title":"Fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and streptozocin in the treatment of patients with locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic endocrine carcinomas","volume":"22","author":"Kouvaraki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7557","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12247557","article-title":"Predictive factors of response to streptozotocin in neuroendocrine pancreatic neoplasms","volume":"12","author":"Fanciulli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026100911260972100_bib140","first-page":"176","article-title":"Streptozotocin treatment in pancreatic cholera (Verner-Morrison) syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Pignal","year":"1982","journal-title":"Digestion"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/eo\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1530\/EO-26-0005\/525759\/eo-26-0005.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/eo\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1530\/EO-26-0005\/525759\/eo-26-0005.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:26:34Z","timestamp":1791559594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/eo\/article\/6\/1\/e260005\/78271\/Functioning-pancreatic-neuroendocrine-neoplasms"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":140,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eo-26-0005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2634-4793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2634-4793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"article-number":"e260005"}}