{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:58:38Z","timestamp":1791406718570,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eor.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>The total number of spine surgeries is increasing, with a variable percentage of patients remaining symptomatic and functionally impaired after surgery. Rehabilitation has been widely recommended, although its effects remain unclear due to lack of research on this matter. The aim of this comprehensive review is to resume the most recent evidence regarding postoperative rehabilitation after spine surgery and make recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>The effectiveness of cervical spine surgery on the outcomes is moderate to good, so most physiatrists and surgeons agree that patients benefit from a structured postoperative rehabilitation protocol and despite best timing to start rehabilitation is still unknown, most programs start 4\u20136 weeks after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Lumbar disc surgery has shown success rates between 78% and 95% after 2 years of follow-up. Postoperative rehabilitation is widely recommended, although its absolute indication has not yet been proven. Patients should be educated to start their own postoperative rehabilitation immediately after surgery until they enroll on a rehabilitation program usually 4\u20136 weeks post-intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>The rate of lumbar interbody fusion surgery is increasing, particularly in patients over 60 years, although studies report that 25\u201345% of patients remain symptomatic. Despite no standardized rehabilitation program has been defined, patients benefit from a cognitive-behavioral physical therapy starting immediately after surgery with psychological intervention, patient education and gradual mobilization. Formal spine rehabilitation should begin at 2\u20133 months postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Rehabilitation has benefits on the recovery of patients after spine surgery, but further investigation is needed to achieve a standardized rehabilitation approach.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/eor-23-0015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T07:01:12Z","timestamp":1690873272000},"page":"626-638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Rehabilitation after cervical and lumbar spine surgery"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0355-4143","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tiago P","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Raposo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7067-4428","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paulo Diogo","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Cruz Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armanda","family":"Lobarinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Varanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3263-9127","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bruno","family":"Direito-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Medicina","article-title":"A critical analysis of the exercise prescription and return to activity advice that is provided in patient information leaflets following lumbar spine surgery","volume":"55","author":"Low","year":"2019","unstructured":"Low MBurgess LC & Wainwright TW. 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