{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:18:09Z","timestamp":1784557089291,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eor.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Isolated cervical spine facet fractures are often overlooked.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>The primary imaging modality for diagnosing these injuries is a computed tomography scan.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Treatment of unilateral cervical facet fractures without evidence of dislocation or subluxation remains controversial. The available evidence regarding treatment options for these fractures is of low quality.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Risk factors associated with the failure of nonoperative treatment are: comminution of the articular mass or facet joint, acute radiculopathy, high body mass index, listhesis exceeding 2 mm, fragmental diastasis, acute disc injury, and bilateral fractures or fractures that adversely affect 40% of the intact lateral mass height or have an absolute height of 1 cm.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/eor-23-0161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T07:20:16Z","timestamp":1709623216000},"page":"202-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Treatment of unilateral cervical facet fractures without evidence of dislocation or subluxation: a narrative review and proposed treatment algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6937-5634","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan Ignacio","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital del Trabajador, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Hospital del Trabajador, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6959-9301","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guillermo A","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro M\u00e9dico Integral Fitz Roy, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Sanatorio G\u00fcemes, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Teodoro \u00c1lvarez, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5440-9747","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Facundo Lisandro","family":"Alvarez Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Roberto del R\u00edo, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9162-6508","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Guiroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elite Spine Health and Wellness Center, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3603-6294","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ratko","family":"Yurac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, University del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Spine Unit, Department of Traumatology, Cl\u00ednica Alemana, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3118-0924","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Klaus","family":"Schnake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Spinal and Scoliosis Surgery, Malteser Waldrankenhaus St. Marien, Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"_","family":"_","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering","first-page":"071010","article-title":"Spinal facet joint biomechanics and mechanotransduction in normal, injury and degenerative conditions","volume":"133","author":"Jaumard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jaumard NVWelch WC & Winkelstein BA. Spinal facet joint biomechanics and mechanotransduction in normal, injury and degenerative conditions. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering2011133071010. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4004493)"},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Journal of Anatomy","first-page":"245","article-title":"A study of weight transmission through the cervical and upper thoracic regions of the vertebral column in man","volume":"148","author":"Pal","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pal GP & Routal RV. A study of weight transmission through the cervical and upper thoracic regions of the vertebral column in man. Journal of Anatomy1986148245\u2013261."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research","first-page":"85","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of clinical stability in the cervical spine","volume":"109","author":"White","year":"1975","unstructured":"White AAJohnson RMPanjabi MM & Southwick WO. Biomechanical analysis of clinical stability in the cervical spine. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research197510985\u201396. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003086-197506000-00011)"},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Spine","first-page":"2827","article-title":"Use of computed tomography to predict failure of nonoperative treatment of unilateral facet fractures of the cervical spine","volume":"31","author":"Spector","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spector LRKim DHAffonso JAlbert TJHilibrand AS & Vaccaro AR. Use of computed tomography to predict failure of nonoperative treatment of unilateral facet fractures of the cervical spine. Spine2006312827\u20132835. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000245864.72372.8f)"},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Annals of Emergency Medicine","first-page":"12","article-title":"Epidemiology of cervical spine injury victims","volume":"38","author":"Lowery","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lowery DWWald MMBrowne BJTigges SHoffman JRMower WR & NEXUS Group. Epidemiology of cervical spine injury victims. 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Facet fracture-dislocation injuries of the cervical spine. Neurosurgery199230661\u2013666. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006123-199205000-00001)"},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"European Spine Journal","first-page":"1635","article-title":"Variation in glob","volume":"30","author":"Karamian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karamian BASchroeder GDHolas MJoaquim AFCanseco JARajasekaran SBenneker LMKandziora FSchnake KJ\u00d6ner FC, et al.Variation in global treatment for subaxial cervical spine isolated unilateral facet fractures. European Spine Journal2021301635\u20131650. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-021-06818-z)"},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma","first-page":"107","article-title":"Imaging investigations in Spine Trauma: the value of commonly used imaging modalities and emerging imaging modalities","volume":"8","author":"Tins","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tins BJ. Imaging investigations in Spine Trauma: the value of commonly used imaging modalities and emerging imaging modalities. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma20178107\u2013115. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcot.2017.06.012)"},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Spine","first-page":"2614","article-title":"The management of unilateral lateral mass\/facet fractures of the subaxial cervical spine: the use of magnetic resonance imaging to predict instability","volume":"22","author":"Halliday","year":"1997","unstructured":"Halliday ALHenderson BRHart BL & Benzel EC. The management of unilateral lateral mass\/facet fractures of the subaxial cervical spine: the use of magnetic resonance imaging to predict instability. Spine1997222614\u20132621. 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(https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181a5b0cc)"},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery","first-page":"2388","article-title":"Helical computed tomography alone compared with plain radiographs with adjunct computed tomography to evaluate the cervical spine after high-energy trauma","volume":"87","author":"McCulloch","year":"2005","unstructured":"McCulloch PTFrance JJones DLKrantz WNguyen TPChambers CDorchak J & Mucha P. Helical computed tomography alone compared with plain radiographs with adjunct computed tomography to evaluate the cervical spine after high-energy trauma. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery2005872388\u20132394. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.E.00208)"},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"Journal of Trauma","first-page":"1179","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of computed tomographic scanning for the spinal clearance of obtunded trauma patients: preliminary results","volume":"56","author":"Widder","year":"2004","unstructured":"Widder SDoig CBurrowes PLarsen GHurlbert RJ & Kortbeek JB. Prospective evaluation of computed tomographic scanning for the spinal clearance of obtunded trauma patients: preliminary results. Journal of Trauma2004561179\u20131184. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ta.0000130758.71098.78)"},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Asian Spine Journal","first-page":"327","article-title":"Detecting facet joint and lateral mass injuries of the subaxial cervical spine in major trauma patients","volume":"9","author":"van Middendorp","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Middendorp JJCheung IDalzell KDeverall HFreeman BJMorris SASandler SJWilliams RYau YH & Goss B. Detecting facet joint and lateral mass injuries of the subaxial cervical spine in major trauma patients. Asian Spine Journal20159327\u2013337. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4184\/asj.2015.9.3.327)"},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"European Spine Journal","first-page":"2202","article-title":"Vertebral artery injuries following cervical spine trauma: a prospective observational study","volume":"20","author":"Mueller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mueller CAPeters IPodlogar MKovacs AUrbach HSchaller KSchramm J & Kral T. Vertebral artery injuries following cervical spine trauma: a prospective observational study. European Spine Journal2011202202\u20132209. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-011-1887-2)"},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Spine","first-page":"1661","article-title":"Cervical spine fractures: who really needs CT angiography?","volume":"44","author":"Fourman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fourman MSShaw JDVaudreuil NJDombrowski MEWawrose RABoakye LATAlarcon LHLee JY & Donaldson WF. Cervical spine fractures: who really needs CT angiography?Spine2019441661\u20131667. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003163)"},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"Emergency Radiology","first-page":"128","article-title":"Evaluation of occult cervical spine fractures on radiographs and CT","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lin JTLee JL & Lee ST. Evaluation of occult cervical spine fractures on radiographs and CT. Emergency Radiology200310128\u2013134. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10140-003-0274-7)"},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"Global Spine Journal","first-page":"344","article-title":"CT Scan in subaxial cervical facet injury: is it enough for decision-making?","volume":"13","author":"Cabrera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cabrera JPYurac RJoaquim AFGuiroy ACarazzo CAZamorano JJValacco M & AO Spine Latin America Trauma Study Group. CT Scan in subaxial cervical facet injury: is it enough for decision-making?Global Spine Journal202313344\u2013352. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2192568221995491)"},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"Journal of the Korean Radiological Society","first-page":"957","article-title":"Facet joint injuries in acute cervical spine trauma: evaluation with CT and MRI","volume":"40","author":"Ha","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ha JJKim DHLee JHLee KKwon HPKwon JH & Yun SM. Facet joint injuries in acute cervical spine trauma: evaluation with CT and MRI. Journal of the Korean Radiological Society199940957\u2013963. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3348\/jkrs.1999.40.5.957)"},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"Asian Spine Journal","first-page":"30","article-title":"Unilateral cervical facet fractures: relevance of acute disc injury in conservative treatment failure","volume":"17","author":"Totera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Totera JICVargas GHMartini IFRomero MGBacciarini AU & Plaza JVB. Unilateral cervical facet fractures: relevance of acute disc injury in conservative treatment failure. Asian Spine Journal20231730\u201336. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31616\/asj.2021.0437)"},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"European Spine Journal","first-page":"1238","article-title":"What should an ideal spinal injury classification system consist of? A methodological review and conceptual proposal for future classifications","volume":"19","author":"van Middendorp","year":"2010","unstructured":"van Middendorp JJAudig\u00e9 LHanson BChapman JR & Hosman AJ. What should an ideal spinal injury classification system consist of? A methodological review and conceptual proposal for future classifications. European Spine Journal2010191238\u20131249. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-010-1415-9)"},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"The Treatment of Fractures (A Translation of \u2018Technik der Knochenbruchbehandlung im Frieden und im Kriege\u2019by E. Vienna)","author":"B\u00f6hler","year":"1929","unstructured":"B\u00f6hler L. The Treatment of Fractures (A Translation of \u2018Technik der Knochenbruchbehandlung im Frieden und im Kriege\u2019by E. Vienna). Austria: Wilhelm Maudrich1929."},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume","first-page":"1534","article-title":"Fractures, dislocations, and fracture-dislocations of the spine","volume":"52","author":"Holdsworth","year":"1970","unstructured":"Holdsworth F. Fractures, dislocations, and fracture-dislocations of the spine. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume1970521534\u20131551. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-197052080-00002)"},{"key":"bib26","series-title":"Spine","first-page":"1","article-title":"A mechanistic classification of closed, indirect fractures and dislocations of the lower cervical spine","volume":"7","author":"Allen","year":"1982","unstructured":"Allen BLJrFerguson RLLehmann TR & O'Brien RP. 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