{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:09:26Z","timestamp":1790860166551,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eor.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>This review highlights the pivotal role of Kaplan fibers (KFs) in knee stability, particularly in the anterolateral aspect. Studies reveal their complex anatomy with varying attachments to the distal femur, demonstrating a significant impact on knee joint mechanics across different populations.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Investigations into the biomechanics of KFs show their crucial role in maintaining rotational stability of the knee, especially during rotational movements. Their synergistic function with other knee structures, like the anterolateral ligament, is emphasized, underscoring their importance in knee integrity and function.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>MRI emerges as a key tool in detecting KFs, with varying visibility and prevalence of injuries. The review discusses the development of MRI criteria for accurate diagnosis, highlighting the need for further research to refine these criteria and understand the interplay between KF injuries, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures, and associated knee pathologies.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>The review covers various lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) techniques used to address residual laxity and instability following ACL reconstruction. Among them, the modified Lemaire technique, which resembles the anatomical and functional characteristics of distal KFs, shows effectiveness in reducing internal rotation and residual laxity.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>The review emphasizes the need for further research to understand the healing dynamics of KF injuries and the efficacy of different LET techniques. It suggests that a comprehensive approach, considering both biomechanical and clinical aspects, is crucial for advancing knee joint health and rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/eor-24-0017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T08:20:06Z","timestamp":1727943606000},"page":"980-989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Kaplan fibers of iliotibial band: a comprehensive review of current literature"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5955-5524","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Poursalehian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sina","family":"Hajiaghajani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ayati Firoozabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davood","family":"Dehghani Ashkezari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4189-7777","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seyed Mohammad Javad","family":"Mortazavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy","first-page":"991","article-title":"Historical perspective on the \u201cdiscovery\u201d of the anterolateral ligament of the knee","volume":"25","author":"Cavaignac","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cavaignac EAncelin DChiron PTricoire JLWytrykowski KFaruch M & Chantalat E. Historical perspective on the \u201cdiscovery\u201d of the anterolateral ligament of the knee. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy201725991\u2013996. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-016-4349-x)"},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery","first-page":"817","article-title":"The iliotibial tract; clinical and morphological significance","volume":"40-","author":"Kaplan","year":"1958","unstructured":"Kaplan EB. The iliotibial tract; clinical and morphological significance. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery195840-a817\u2013832."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy","first-page":"166","article-title":"The anterolateral complex of the knee: results from the International ALC Consensus Group Meeting","volume":"27","author":"Getgood","year":"2019","unstructured":"Getgood ABrown CLording TAmis AClaes SGeeslin AMusahl V & ALC Consensus Group. The anterolateral complex of the knee: results from the International ALC Consensus Group Meeting. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy201927166\u2013176. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-018-5072-6)"},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research","first-page":"523","article-title":"Behavior of the anterolateral structures of the knee during internal rotation","volume":"101","author":"Lutz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lutz CSonnery-Cottet BNiglis LFreychet BClavert P & Imbert P. Behavior of the anterolateral structures of the knee during internal rotation. Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research2015101523\u2013528. 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Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine201752325967117730805. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2325967117730805)"},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","first-page":"2325967118818064","article-title":"Anatomic study and reanalysis of the nomenclature of the anterolateral complex of the knee focusing on the distal iliotibial band: identification and description of the condylar strap","volume":"7","author":"Landreau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Landreau PCatteeuw AHamie FSaithna ASonnery-Cottet B & Smigielski R. Anatomic study and reanalysis of the nomenclature of the anterolateral complex of the knee focusing on the distal iliotibial band: identification and description of the condylar strap. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine201972325967118818064. 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(https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-020-03718-7)"},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Knee","first-page":"56","article-title":"Variation in Kaplan fiber insertion to the distal femur and surgical implications: a cadaveric anatomical study comparing Asian and Caucasian knees","volume":"38","author":"Raghavan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raghavan STeo SHMohamed Al-Fayyadh MZMohamed Ali MR & Ng WM. Variation in Kaplan fiber insertion to the distal femur and surgical implications: a cadaveric anatomical study comparing Asian and Caucasian knees. Knee20223856\u201361. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knee.2022.07.004)"},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"American Journal of Sports Medicine","first-page":"1352","article-title":"Anterolateral knee extra-articular stabilizers: a robotic sectioning study of the anterolateral ligament and distal iliotibial band Kaplan fibers","volume":"46","author":"Geeslin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Geeslin AGChahla JMoatshe GMuckenhirn KJKruckeberg BMBrady AWCoggins ADornan GJGetgood AMGodin JA, et al.Anterolateral knee extra-articular stabilizers: a robotic sectioning study of the anterolateral ligament and distal iliotibial band Kaplan fibers. American Journal of Sports Medicine2018461352\u20131361. 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Visualization of proximal and distal Kaplan fibers using 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and anatomic dissection. American Journal of Sports Medicine2020481929\u20131936. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546520919986)"},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"Arthroscopy","first-page":"521","article-title":"Assessment of anterolateral complex injuries by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with acute rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament","volume":"35","author":"Van Dyck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Dyck PDe Smet ERoelant EParizel PM & Heusdens CHW. Assessment of anterolateral complex injuries by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with acute rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. Arthroscopy201935521\u2013527. 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Anterolateral complex injuries occur in the majority of \u2018isolated\u2019 anterior cruciate ligament ruptures. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy202230176\u2013183. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-021-06543-6)"},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"American Journal of Sports Medicine","first-page":"3265","article-title":"Influence of injury to the Kaplan fibers of the iliotibial band on anterolateral rotatory knee laxity in anterior cruciate ligament injury: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"50","author":"Watanabe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Watanabe SNagai KHoshino YKataoka KNakanishi YAraki DKanzaki NMatsushita T & Kuroda R. Influence of injury to the Kaplan fibers of the iliotibial band on anterolateral rotatory knee laxity in anterior cruciate ligament injury: a retrospective cohort study. American Journal of Sports Medicine2022503265\u20133272. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03635465221116097)"},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","first-page":"23259671221130357","article-title":"MRI does not reliably detect Kaplan fiber injury in skeletally immature patients with an acute ACL tear","volume":"10","author":"Lynch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lynch TBSwan ERCognetti DArana Mireles AByerly DBernot JMCecava NDChasteen JMusahl VSchmitz MR, et al.MRI does not reliably detect Kaplan fiber injury in skeletally immature patients with an acute ACL tear. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine20221023259671221130357. 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