{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:23:14Z","timestamp":1789179794473,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["erc.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Repeated parity and usage of oral contraceptives have demonstrated an increased risk of cervical cancer (CC) in HPV-infected women. These lifestyle observations raise the likelihood that oestrogens and HPV infection might act synergistically to affect cancers of the cervix.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies have indicated the requirement of oestrogens and ER\u03b1 in the development of atypical squamous metaplasia followed by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, II and III. CIN II and III are precancerous cervical lesions that can progress over time to CC as an invasive carcinoma. Recently, there has been evidence suggesting that ER\u03b1 signalling in the tumour epithelium is a preliminary requisite during cancer initiation that is subsequently lost during tumorigenic progression. Conversely, continued expression of stromal ER\u03b1 gains control over tumour maintenance. This review summarises the current information on the association between oestrogens and HPV infection in contributing to CC and the possibility of SERMs as a therapeutic option.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/erc-16-0571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]],"date-time":"2017-03-10T20:30:19Z","timestamp":1489177819000},"page":"R99-R108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Functional association of oestrogen receptors with HPV infection in cervical carcinogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Balaji","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"2017031017301592000_24.4.R99.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02497-05"},{"key":"2017031017301592000_24.4.R99.2","first-page":"1341","article-title":"Oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression in patients with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and correlation with various clinicopathological parameters","volume":"30","author":"Bodner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anticancer Research"},{"key":"2017031017301592000_24.4.R99.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409883102"},{"key":"2017031017301592000_24.4.R99.4","first-page":"7215","article-title":"Distribution of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 variants in squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the cervix","volume":"63","author":"Burk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"2017031017301592000_24.4.R99.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25393","article-title":"Do selective estrogen receptor modulators treat cervical precancer and cancer? 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