{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:13:37Z","timestamp":1787022817578,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["erc.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Data on the diagnosis, natural course and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related hypophysitis (irH) are limited. We propose this study to validate the diagnostic criteria, describe characteristics and hormonal recovery and investigate factors associated with the occurrence and recovery of irH. A retrospective study including patients with suspected irH at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from 5\/2003 to 8\/2017 was conducted. IrH was defined as: (1) ACTH or TSH deficiency plus MRI changes or (2) ACTH and TSH deficiencies plus headache\/fatigue in the absence of MRI findings. We found that of 83 patients followed for a median of 1.75 years (range 0.6\u20133), the proposed criteria used at initial evaluation accurately identified 61\/62 (98%) irH cases. In the irH group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009= 62), the most common presentation was headache (60%), fatigue (66%), central hypothyroidism (94%), central adrenal insufficiency (69%) and MRI changes (77%). Compared with non-ipilimumab (ipi) regimens, ipi has a stronger association with irH occurrence (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009= 0.004) and a shorter time to irH development (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt; 0.01). Thyroid, gonadal and adrenal axis recovery occurred in 24, 58 and 0% patients, respectively. High-dose steroids (HDS) or ICI discontinuation was not associated with hormonal recovery. In the non-irH group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009= 19), one patient had isolated central hypothyroidism and six had isolated central adrenal insufficiency. All remained on hormone therapy at the last follow-up. We propose a strict definition of irH that identifies the vast majority of patients. HDS and ICI discontinuation is not always beneficial. Long-term follow-up to assess recovery is needed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/erc-20-0513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T09:40:40Z","timestamp":1619170840000},"page":"419-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Immune checkpoint inhibitor related hypophysitis: diagnostic criteria and recovery patterns"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ha","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komal","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G","family":"Waguespack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mimi I","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mouhammed Amir","family":"Habra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria E","family":"Cabanillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naifa L","family":"Busaidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Bassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Division of Science, Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouhao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Division of Science, Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka C","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrett","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Pitteloud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit K","family":"Subudhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adi","family":"Diab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramona","family":"Dadu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","container-title":["Endocrine-Related Cancer"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/erc.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/erc\/28\/7\/ERC-20-0513.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/erc.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/erc\/28\/7\/ERC-20-0513.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:55:56Z","timestamp":1784555756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/erc\/article\/28\/7\/419-431\/25558"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/erc-20-0513","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0088","1479-6821"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0088","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-6821","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}}}