{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:20:27Z","timestamp":1784557227751,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":236,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["erc.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Prostate cancer (PCa) is an increasingly prevalent health problem in the developed world. Effective treatment options exist for localized PCa, but metastatic PCa has fewer treatment options and shorter patient survival. PCa and bone health are strongly entwined, as PCa commonly metastasizes to the skeleton. Since androgen receptor signaling drives PCa growth, androgen-deprivation therapy whose\n                    <jats:italic>sequelae<\/jats:italic>\n                    reduce bone strength constitutes the foundation of advanced PCa treatment. The homeostatic process of bone remodeling \u2013 produced by concerted actions of bone-building osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and regulatory osteocytes \u2014 may also be subverted by PCa to promote metastatic growth. Mechanisms driving skeletal development and homeostasis, such as regional hypoxia or matrix-embedded growth factors, may be subjugated by bone metastatic PCa. In this way, the biology that sustains bone is integrated into adaptive mechanisms for the growth and survival of PCa in bone. Skeletally metastatic PCa is difficult to investigate due to the entwined nature of bone biology and cancer biology. Herein, we survey PCa from origin, presentation, and clinical treatment to bone composition and structure and molecular mediators of PCa metastasis to bone. Our intent is to quickly yet effectively reduce barriers to team science across multiple disciplines that focuses on PCa and metastatic bone disease. We also introduce concepts of tissue engineering as a novel perspective to model, capture, and study complex cancer-microenvironment interactions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/erc-22-0360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T06:24:17Z","timestamp":1684995857000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prostate cancer and bone: clinical presentation and molecular mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4792-912X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristina V","family":"Wells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8151-9784","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Margaret L","family":"Krackeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maitreyee K","family":"Jathal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamta","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7304-2936","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paramita M","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1673-3335","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J Kent","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8599-2867","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Damian C","family":"Genetos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","article-title":"The implications of bone marrow adipose tissue on inflammaging","volume":"13","author":"Aaron","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aaron NCosta SRosen CJ & Qiang L2022The implications of bone marrow adipose tissue on inflammaging. Frontiers in Endocrinology13 853765. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.853765)"},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","first-page":"394","article-title":"Estrogen receptor-\u03b1 signaling in osteoblast progenitors stimulates cortical bone accrual","volume":"123","author":"Almeida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Almeida MIyer SMartin-Millan MBartell SMHan LAmbrogini EOnal MXiong JWeinstein RSJilka RL, 2013Estrogen receptor-\u03b1 signaling in osteoblast progenitors stimulates cortical bone accrual. Journal of Clinical Investigation123394\u2013404. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI65910)"},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","first-page":"2974","article-title":"Arches: a randomized, Phase III study of androgen deprivation therapy with enzalutamide or placebo in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer","volume":"37","author":"Armstrong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Armstrong AJSzmulewitz RZPetrylak DPHolzbeierlein JVillers AAzad AAlcaraz AAlekseev BIguchi TShore ND, 2019Arches: a randomized, Phase III study of androgen deprivation therapy with enzalutamide or placebo in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology372974\u20132986. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.19.00799)"},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","first-page":"1059","article-title":"A single-dose placebo-controlled study of AMG 162, a fully human monoclonal antibody to RANKL, in postmenopausal women","volume":"19","author":"Bekker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bekker PJHolloway DLRasmussen ASMurphy RMartin SWLeese PTHolmes GBDunstan CR & DePaoli AM2004A single-dose placebo-controlled study of AMG 162, a fully human monoclonal antibody to RANKL, in postmenopausal women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research191059\u20131066. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/JBMR.040305)"},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Current Drug Targets","first-page":"197","article-title":"TGF-betal\/Smad signaling in prostate cancer","volume":"4","author":"Bello-DeOcampo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bello-DeOcampo D & Tindall DJ2003TGF-betal\/Smad signaling in prostate cancer. Current Drug Targets4197\u2013207. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1389450033491118)"},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"European Urology","first-page":"920","article-title":"Targeted next-generation sequencing of advanced prostate cancer identifies potential therapeutic targets and disease heterogeneity","volume":"63","author":"Beltran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beltran HYelensky RFrampton GMPark KDowning SRMacDonald TYJarosz MLipson DTagawa STNanus DM, 2013Targeted next-generation sequencing of advanced prostate cancer identifies potential therapeutic targets and disease heterogeneity. European Urology63920\u2013926. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.08.053)"},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"PNAS","first-page":"3324","article-title":"Regulation of osteoblastogenesis and bone mass by Wnt10b","volume":"102","author":"Bennett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bennett CNLongo KAWright WSSuva LJLane TFHankenson KD & MacDougald OA2005Regulation of osteoblastogenesis and bone mass by Wnt10b. PNAS1023324\u20133329. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0408742102)"},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Advanced Healthcare Materials","first-page":"e2201701","article-title":"GelMA and biomimetic culture allow the engineering of mineralized, adipose, and tumor tissue human microenvironments for the study of advanced prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo","author":"Bessot","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bessot AGunter JWaugh DClements JAHutmacher DWMcGovern J & Bock N2023GelMA and biomimetic culture allow the engineering of mineralized, adipose, and tumor tissue human microenvironments for the study of advanced prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. Advanced Healthcare Materialse2201701. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adhm.202201701)"},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Principles of Bone","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bilezikian JRaisz L & Rodan G2019Principles of Bone Biology. Cambridge, MA, USA: Academic Press. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/C2015-1-01622-2)"},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"American Family Physician","first-page":"798","article-title":"Localized prostate cancer: treatment options","volume":"97","author":"Brawley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brawley SMohan R & Nein CD2018Localized prostate cancer: treatment options. American Family Physician97798\u2013805."},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders","first-page":"123","article-title":"Molecular regulation of osteoclast activity","volume":"7","author":"Bruzzaniti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bruzzaniti A & Baron R2006Molecular regulation of osteoclast activity. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders7123\u2013139. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11154-006-9009-x)"},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","first-page":"1417","article-title":"Similarities between disuse and age-induced bone loss","volume":"37","author":"Buettmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Buettmann EGGoldscheitter GMHoppock GAFriedman MASuva LJ & Donahue HJ2022Similarities between disuse and age-induced bone loss. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research371417\u20131434. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.4643)"},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"Bulletin du Cancer","first-page":"1191","article-title":"Evaluation of the therapeutic response: role of isotopic imaging","volume":"93","author":"Cachin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cachin FKelly A & Maublant J2006Evaluation of the therapeutic response: role of isotopic imaging. Bulletin du Cancer931191\u20131199."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Current Opinion in Pharmacology","first-page":"303","article-title":"Regulating the Notch pathway in embryonic, adult and old stem cells","volume":"7","author":"Carlson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carlson ME & Conboy IM2007Regulating the Notch pathway in embryonic, adult and old stem cells. Current Opinion in Pharmacology7303\u2013309. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coph.2007.02.004)"},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"477","article-title":"Wnt6, Wnt10a and Wnt10b inhibit adipogenesis and stimulate osteoblastogenesis through a \u03b2-catenin-dependent mechanism","volume":"50","author":"Cawthorn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cawthorn WPBree AJYao YDu BHemati NMartinez-Santiba\u00f1ez G & MacDougald OA2012Wnt6, Wnt10a and Wnt10b inhibit adipogenesis and stimulate osteoblastogenesis through a \u03b2-catenin-dependent mechanism. Bone50477\u2013489. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2011.08.010)"},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"918","article-title":"Histomorphometric analysis of sclerotic bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma special reference to osteomalacia","volume":"51","author":"Charhon","year":"1983","unstructured":"Charhon SAChapuy MCDelvin EEValentin-Opran AEdouard CM & Meunier PJ1983Histomorphometric analysis of sclerotic bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma special reference to osteomalacia. Cancer51918\u2013924 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0142)"},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"International Journal of Biological Sciences","first-page":"272","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 and BMP signaling in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen GDeng C & Li YP2012TGF-\u03b2 and BMP signaling in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. International Journal of Biological Sciences8272\u2013288. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.2929)"},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Clinical Cancer Research","first-page":"6218","article-title":"Dual EGFR\/HER2 inhibition sensitizes prostate cancer cells to androgen withdrawal by suppressing ErbB3","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen LMooso BAJathal MKMadhav AJohnson SDvan Spyk EMikhailova MZierenberg-Ripoll AXue LVinall RL, 2011Dual EGFR\/HER2 inhibition sensitizes prostate cancer cells to androgen withdrawal by suppressing ErbB3. Clinical Cancer Research176218\u20136228. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-1548)"},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"FEBS Letters","first-page":"91","article-title":"Testosterone inhibits osteoclast formation stimulated by parathyroid hormone through androgen receptor","volume":"491","author":"Chen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chen QKaji HSugimoto T & Chihara K2001Testosterone inhibits osteoclast formation stimulated by parathyroid hormone through androgen receptor. FEBS Letters49191\u201393. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0014-5793)"},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"World Journal of Urology","first-page":"2937","article-title":"Whole-body MRI-based multivariate prediction model in the assessment of bone metastasis in prostate cancer","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen RYang QChen WYang YCheng CSun Y & Lu J2021Whole-body MRI-based multivariate prediction model in the assessment of bone metastasis in prostate cancer. World Journal of Urology392937\u20132943. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-020-03571-8)"},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","first-page":"621","article-title":"Mineralization and bone resorption are regulated by the androgen receptor in male mice","volume":"24","author":"Chiang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chiang CChiu MMoore AJAnderson PHGhasem-Zadeh AMcManus JFMa CSeeman EClemens TLMorris HA, 2009Mineralization and bone resorption are regulated by the androgen receptor in male mice. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research24621\u2013631. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.081217)"},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","first-page":"1240","article-title":"The androgen receptor represses transforming growth factor-beta signaling through interaction with Smad3","volume":"277","author":"Chipuk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chipuk JECornelius SCPultz NJJorgensen JSBonham MJKim SJ & Danielpour D2002The androgen receptor represses transforming growth factor-beta signaling through interaction with Smad3. Journal of Biological Chemistry2771240\u20131248. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M108855200)"},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"Stem Cells and Development","first-page":"725","article-title":"Fibroblast growth Factor-2 and -4 promote the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by the activation of the PI3K-Akt and ERK1\/2 signaling pathways","volume":"17","author":"Choi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Choi SCKim SJChoi JHPark CYShim WJ & Lim DS2008Fibroblast growth Factor-2 and -4 promote the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by the activation of the PI3K-Akt and ERK1\/2 signaling pathways. Stem Cells and Development17725\u2013736. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/scd.2007.0230)"},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"Scientific Reports","first-page":"17975","article-title":"Human ex vivo 3D bone model recapitulates osteocyte response to metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"8","author":"Choudhary","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choudhary SRamasundaram PDziopa EMannion CKissin YTricoli LAlbanese CLee W & Zilberberg J2018Human ex vivo 3D bone model recapitulates osteocyte response to metastatic prostate cancer. Scientific Reports817975. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-36424-x)"},{"issue":"Supplement 3","key":"bib25","series-title":"Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN","first-page":"S131","article-title":"Normal bone anatomy and physiology","volume":"3","author":"Clarke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clarke B2008Normal bone anatomy and physiology. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN3 (Supplement 3) S131\u2013S139. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.04151206)"},{"key":"bib26","series-title":"Steroids","first-page":"296","article-title":"Androgens and bone","volume":"74","author":"Clarke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clarke BL & Khosla S2009Androgens and bone. Steroids74296\u2013305. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.10.003)"},{"key":"bib27","series-title":"Asian Journal of Andrology","first-page":"57","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of metastasis in prostate cancer","volume":"11","author":"Clarke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clarke NWHart CA & Brown MD2009Molecular mechanisms of metastasis in prostate cancer. Asian Journal of Andrology1157\u201367. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/aja.2008.29)"},{"key":"bib28","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism","first-page":"2562","article-title":"Abdominal fat is associated with lower bone formation and inferior bone quality in healthy premenopausal women: a transiliac bone biopsy study","volume":"98","author":"Cohen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen ADempster DWRecker RRLappe JMZhou HZwahlen AM\u00fcller RZhao BGuo XLang T, 2013Abdominal fat is associated with lower bone formation and inferior bone quality in healthy premenopausal women: a transiliac bone biopsy study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism982562\u20132572. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2013-1047)"},{"key":"bib29","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"1588","article-title":"Skeletal complications of malignancy","volume":"80","author":"Coleman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Coleman RE1997Skeletal complications of malignancy. Cancer801588\u20131594. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/)"},{"key":"bib30","series-title":"Anticancer Research","first-page":"1193","article-title":"New roles of osteocytes in proliferation, migration and invasion of breast and prostate cancer cells","volume":"36","author":"Cui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cui YXEvans BA & Jiang WG2016New roles of osteocytes in proliferation, migration and invasion of breast and prostate cancer cells. Anticancer Research361193\u20131201."},{"key":"bib31","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"115674","article-title":"Sensitive detection of Cre-mediated recombination using droplet digital PCR reveals Tg (BGLAP-Cre) and Tg (DMP1-Cre) are active in multiple non-skeletal tissues","volume":"142","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dasgupta KLessard SHann SFowler MERobling AG & Warman ML2021Sensitive detection of Cre-mediated recombination using droplet digital PCR reveals Tg (BGLAP-Cre) and Tg (DMP1-Cre) are active in multiple non-skeletal tissues. Bone142115674. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115674)"},{"key":"bib32","series-title":"Cancer Research","first-page":"7402","article-title":"The neuroendocrine-derived peptide parathyroid hormone\u2013related protein promotes prostate cancer cell growth by stabilizing the androgen receptor","volume":"69","author":"DaSilva","year":"2009","unstructured":"DaSilva JGioeli DWeber MJ & Parsons SJ2009The neuroendocrine-derived peptide parathyroid hormone\u2013related protein promotes prostate cancer cell growth by stabilizing the androgen receptor. Cancer Research697402\u20137411. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-4687)"},{"key":"bib33","series-title":"Clinical Biochemist. Reviews","first-page":"3","article-title":"Androgen receptor structure, function and biology: from bench to bedside","volume":"37","author":"Davey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Davey RA & Grossmann M2016Androgen receptor structure, function and biology: from bench to bedside. Clinical Biochemist. Reviews373\u201315."},{"key":"bib34","series-title":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology","first-page":"13","article-title":"Tissue- and cell-specific functions of the androgen receptor revealed through conditional knockout models in mice","volume":"352","author":"de Gendt","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Gendt K & Verhoeven G2012Tissue- and cell-specific functions of the androgen receptor revealed through conditional knockout models in mice. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology35213\u201325. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2011.08.008)"},{"key":"bib35","series-title":"Cancer Research","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Bidirectional notch signaling and osteocyte-derived factors in the bone marrow microenvironment promote tumor cell proliferation and bone destruction in multiple myeloma","volume":"76","author":"Delgado-Calle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Delgado-Calle JAnderson JCregor MDHiasa MChirgwin JMCarlesso NYoneda TMohammad KSPlotkin LIRoodman GD, 2016Bidirectional notch signaling and osteocyte-derived factors in the bone marrow microenvironment promote tumor cell proliferation and bone destruction in multiple myeloma. Cancer Research761089\u20131100. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-1703)"},{"key":"bib36","series-title":"Physiological Reviews","first-page":"379","article-title":"The osteocyte as a signaling cell","volume":"102","author":"Delgado-Calle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Delgado-Calle J & Bellido T2022The osteocyte as a signaling cell. Physiological Reviews102379\u2013410. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00043.2020)"},{"key":"bib37","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","first-page":"1846","article-title":"Effects of daily treatment with parathyroid hormone on bone microarchitecture and turnover in patients with osteoporosis: a paired biopsy study","volume":"16","author":"Dempster","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dempster DWCosman FKurland ESZhou HNieves JWoelfert LShane EPlaveti\u0107 KM\u00fcller RBilezikian J, 2001Effects of daily treatment with parathyroid hormone on bone microarchitecture and turnover in patients with osteoporosis: a paired biopsy study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research161846\u20131853. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.10.1846)"},{"key":"bib38","series-title":"JAMA Network Open","article-title":"Trends in incidence of metastatic prostate cancer in the US","volume":"5","author":"Desai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Desai MMCacciamani GEGill KZhang JLiu LAbreu A & Gill IS2022Trends in incidence of metastatic prostate cancer in the US. JAMA Network Open5 e222246. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.2246)"},{"key":"bib39","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","first-page":"2078","article-title":"Caloric restriction leads to high marrow adiposity and low bone mass in growing mice","volume":"25","author":"Devlin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Devlin MJCloutier AMThomas NAPanus DALotinun SPinz IBaron RRosen CJ & Bouxsein ML2010Caloric restriction leads to high marrow adiposity and low bone mass in growing mice. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research252078\u20132088. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.82)"},{"key":"bib40","series-title":"PLoS Genetics","first-page":"e1008361","article-title":"An osteocalcin-deficient mouse strain without endocrine abnormalities","volume":"16","author":"Diegel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diegel CRHann SAyturk UMHu JCWLim KEDroscha CJMadaj ZBFoxa GEIzaguirre ITransgenics Core VVA, 2020An osteocalcin-deficient mouse strain without endocrine abnormalities. PLoS Genetics16e1008361. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008361)"},{"key":"bib41","series-title":"Cancer Research","first-page":"5261","article-title":"Rolling of human bone-metastatic prostate tumor cells on human bone marrow endothelium under shear flow is mediated by E-selectin","volume":"64","author":"Dimitroff","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dimitroff CJLechpammer MLong-Woodward D & Kutok JL2004Rolling of human bone-metastatic prostate tumor cells on human bone marrow endothelium under shear flow is mediated by E-selectin. Cancer Research645261\u20135269. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-0691)"},{"key":"bib42","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"457","article-title":"Endothelial and perivascular cells maintain haematopoietic stem cells","volume":"481","author":"Ding","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ding LSaunders TLEnikolopov G & Morrison SJ2012Endothelial and perivascular cells maintain haematopoietic stem cells. Nature481457\u2013462. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10783)"},{"key":"bib43","series-title":"Endocrinology","first-page":"3632","article-title":"Evidence that intermittent treatment with parathyroid hormone increases bone formation in adult rats by activation of bone lining cells","volume":"136","author":"Dobnig","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dobnig H & Turner RT1995Evidence that intermittent treatment with parathyroid hormone increases bone formation in adult rats by activation of bone lining cells. Endocrinology1363632\u20133638. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endo.136.8.7628403)"},{"key":"bib44","series-title":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology","first-page":"622519","article-title":"Connecting the dots: resolving the bone marrow niche heterogeneity","volume":"9","author":"Dolgalev","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dolgalev I & Tikhonova AN2021Connecting the dots: resolving the bone marrow niche heterogeneity. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology9622519. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.622519)"},{"key":"bib45","series-title":"Mechanobiology: From Molecular Sensing to Disease","first-page":"1","article-title":"Osteocyte mechanobiology in","author":"Donahue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Donahue HJFriendman MJ & Genetos D2020Osteocyte mechanobiology in aging and disease. In Mechanobiology: From Molecular Sensing to Disease, pp. 1\u201321. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Elsevier. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-817931-4.00001-7)"},{"key":"bib46","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0158116","article-title":"Influence of matrices on 3D-cultured prostate cancer cells\u2019 drug response and expression of drug-action associated proteins","volume":"11","author":"Edmondson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Edmondson RAdcock AF & Yang L2016Influence of matrices on 3D-cultured prostate cancer cells\u2019 drug response and expression of drug-action associated proteins. PLoS One11e0158116. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0158116)"},{"key":"bib47","series-title":"Neoplasia (New York, NY)","first-page":"290","article-title":"CXCR4 chemokine receptor mediates prostate tumor cell adhesion through alpha5 and beta3 integrins","volume":"8","author":"Engl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Engl TRelja BMarian DBlumenberg CM\u00fcller IBeecken WDJones JRingel EMBereiter-Hahn JJonas D, 2006CXCR4 chemokine receptor mediates prostate tumor cell adhesion through alpha5 and beta3 integrins. Neoplasia (New York, NY)8290\u2013301. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1593\/neo.05694)"},{"key":"bib48","series-title":"Nature Genetics","first-page":"1310","article-title":"Loss of DMP1 causes rickets and osteomalacia and identifies a role of osteocytes in mineral metabolism","volume":"38","author":"Feng","year":"2006","unstructured":"Feng JQWard LMLiu SLu YXie YYuan BYu XRauch FDavis SIZhang S, 2006Loss of DMP1 causes rickets and osteomalacia and identifies a role of osteocytes in mineral metabolism. Nature Genetics381310\u20131315. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng1905)"},{"key":"bib49","series-title":"Annual Review of Pathology","first-page":"121","article-title":"Disorders of bone remodeling","volume":"6","author":"Feng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feng X & McDonald JM2011Disorders of bone remodeling. Annual Review of Pathology6121\u2013145. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011110-130203)"},{"key":"bib50","series-title":"Cancers","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechanical loading-driven tumor suppression is mediated by Lrp5-dependent and independent mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng YLiu SZha RSun XLi KRobling ALi B & Yokota H2021Mechanical loading-driven tumor suppression is mediated by Lrp5-dependent and independent mechanisms. Cancers131\u201317. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13020267)"},{"key":"bib51","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"197","article-title":"Heralding a new paradigm in 3D tumor modeling","volume":"108","author":"Fong","year":"2016a","unstructured":"Fong ELHarrington DAFarach-Carson MC & Yu H2016aHeralding a new paradigm in 3D tumor modeling. Biomaterials108197\u2013213. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.08.052)"},{"key":"bib52","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"164","article-title":"A 3D in vitro model of patient-derived prostate cancer xenograft for controlled interrogation of in vivo tumor-stromal interactions","volume":"77","author":"Fong","year":"2016b","unstructured":"Fong ELWan XYang JMorgado MMikos AGHarrington DANavone NM & Farach-Carson MC2016bA 3D in vitro model of patient-derived prostate cancer xenograft for controlled interrogation of in vivo tumor-stromal interactions. Biomaterials77164\u2013172. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.10.059)"},{"key":"bib53","series-title":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology","first-page":"169","article-title":"Non-genomic actions of androgens","volume":"29","author":"Foradori","year":"2008","unstructured":"Foradori CDWeiser MJ & Handa RJ2008Non-genomic actions of androgens. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology29169\u2013181. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yfrne.2007.10.005)"},{"key":"bib54","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"15","article-title":"Regional differences in oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial activity among cortical bone osteocytes","volume":"90","author":"Frikha-Benayed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frikha-Benayed DBasta-Pljakic JMajeska RJ & Schaffler MB2016Regional differences in oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial activity among cortical bone osteocytes. Bone9015\u201322. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2016.05.011)"},{"key":"bib55","series-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","first-page":"911","article-title":"Muscle Bone and the Utah Paradigm: a 1999 overview","volume":"32","author":"Frost","year":"2000","unstructured":"Frost HM2000Muscle Bone and the Utah Paradigm: a 1999 overview. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise32911\u2013917. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-200005000-00006)"},{"key":"bib56","series-title":"European Urology","first-page":"325","article-title":"Impact of the site of metastases on survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"68","author":"Gandaglia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gandaglia GKarakiewicz PIBriganti APassoni NMSchiffmann JTrudeau VGraefen MMontorsi F & Sun M2015Impact of the site of metastases on survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. European Urology68325\u2013334. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.07.020)"},{"key":"bib57","series-title":"British Journal of Cancer","first-page":"858","article-title":"Markers of bone turnover for the management of patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer","volume":"82","author":"Garnero","year":"2000","unstructured":"Garnero PBuchs NZekri JRizzoli RColeman RE & Delmas PD2000Markers of bone turnover for the management of patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer. British Journal of Cancer82858\u2013864. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/bjoc.1999.1012)"},{"key":"bib58","series-title":"Nature Communications","article-title":"Interplay between hypoxia and androgen controls a metabolic switch conferring resistance to androgen\/AR-targeted therapy","volume":"9","author":"Geng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Geng HXue CMendonca JSun XXLiu QReardon PNChen YQian KHua VChen A, 2018Interplay between hypoxia and androgen controls a metabolic switch conferring resistance to androgen\/AR-targeted therapy. Nature Communications9 4972. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-07411-7)"},{"key":"bib59","series-title":"Acta Biomaterialia","first-page":"18","article-title":"Tissue-engineered 3D models for elucidating primary and metastatic bone cancer progression","volume":"99","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez D\u00edaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez D\u00edaz ECSinha SAvedian RS & Yang F2019Tissue-engineered 3D models for elucidating primary and metastatic bone cancer progression. Acta Biomaterialia9918\u201332. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.08.020)"},{"key":"bib60","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","first-page":"1544","article-title":"Evidence for a causal role of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the pathogenesis of human breast cancer-mediated osteolysis","volume":"98","author":"Guise","year":"1996","unstructured":"Guise TAYin JJTaylor SDKumagai YDallas MBoyce BFYoneda T & Mundy GR1996Evidence for a causal role of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the pathogenesis of human breast cancer-mediated osteolysis. Journal of Clinical Investigation981544\u20131549. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI118947)"},{"key":"bib61","series-title":"Acta Biomaterialia","first-page":"73","article-title":"Tunable three-dimensional engineered prostate cancer tissues for in vitro recapitulation of heterogeneous in vivo prostate tumor stiffness","volume":"147","author":"Habbit","year":"2022","unstructured":"Habbit NLAnbiah BAnderson LSuresh JHassani IEggert MBrannen ADavis JTian YPrabhakarpandian B, 2022Tunable three-dimensional engineered prostate cancer tissues for in vitro recapitulation of heterogeneous in vivo prostate tumor stiffness. Acta Biomaterialia14773\u201390. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.05.011)"},{"key":"bib62","series-title":"American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting","first-page":"363","article-title":"Metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: optimizing patient selection and treatment","volume":"38","author":"Hahn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hahn AWHigano CSTaplin MERyan CJ & Agarwal N2018Metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: optimizing patient selection and treatment. American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting38363\u2013371. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/EDBK_200967)"},{"key":"bib63","series-title":"Macromolecular Bioscience","first-page":"e1800249","article-title":"Self-assembling peptide gels for 3D prostate cancer spheroid culture","volume":"19","author":"Hainline","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hainline KMGu FHandley JFTian YFWu Yde Wet Lvander Griend DJ & Collier JH2019Self-assembling peptide gels for 3D prostate cancer spheroid culture. Macromolecular Bioscience19e1800249. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mabi.201800249)"},{"key":"bib64","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","first-page":"1652","article-title":"Meta-analysis evaluating the impact of site of metastasis on overall survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"34","author":"Halabi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Halabi SKelly WKMa HZhou HSolomon NCFizazi KTangen CMRosenthal MPetrylak DPHussain M, 2016Meta-analysis evaluating the impact of site of metastasis on overall survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology341652\u20131659. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2015.65.7270)"},{"key":"bib65","series-title":"Prostate","first-page":"1396","article-title":"Dickkopf-1 expression increases early in prostate cancer development and decreases during progression from primary tumor to metastasis","volume":"68","author":"Hall","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hall CLDaignault SDShah RBPienta KJ & Keller ET2008Dickkopf-1 expression increases early in prostate cancer development and decreases during progression from primary tumor to metastasis. Prostate681396\u20131404. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.20805)"},{"key":"bib66","series-title":"Journal of Cellular Biochemistry","first-page":"661","article-title":"Role of Wnts in prostate cancer bone metastases","volume":"97","author":"Hall","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hall CLKang SMacDougald OA & Keller ET2006Role of Wnts in prostate cancer bone metastases. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry97661\u2013672. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.20735)"},{"key":"bib67","series-title":"Cancer Research","first-page":"4613","article-title":"Rat prostate adenocarcinoma cells disseminate to bone and adhere preferentially to bone marrow-derived endothelial cells","volume":"52","author":"Haq","year":"1992","unstructured":"Haq MGoltzman DTremblay G & Brodt P1992Rat prostate adenocarcinoma cells disseminate to bone and adhere preferentially to bone marrow-derived endothelial cells. Cancer Research524613\u20134619."},{"key":"bib68","series-title":"Cancer Metastasis Reviews","first-page":"527","article-title":"Bone marrow fat: linking adipocyte-induced inflammation with skeletal metastases","volume":"33","author":"Hardaway","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hardaway ALHerroon MKRajagurubandara E & Podgorski I2014Bone marrow fat: linking adipocyte-induced inflammation with skeletal metastases. Cancer Metastasis Reviews33527\u2013543. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10555-013-9484-y)"},{"key":"bib69","series-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions","first-page":"347","article-title":"Biological basis of bone strength: anatomy, physiology and measurement","volume":"20","author":"Hart","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hart NHNewton RUTan JRantalainen TChivers PSiafarikas A & Nimphius S2020Biological basis of bone strength: anatomy, physiology and measurement. Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions20347\u2013371."},{"key":"bib70","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","first-page":"1575","article-title":"Cancellous bone remodeling occurs in specialized compartments lined by cells expressing osteoblastic markers","volume":"16","author":"Hauge","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hauge EMQvesel DEriksen EFMosekilde L & Melsen F2001Cancellous bone remodeling occurs in specialized compartments lined by cells expressing osteoblastic markers. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research161575\u20131582. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.9.1575)"},{"key":"bib71","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0191455","article-title":"Osteoclast inhibitors to prevent bone metastases in men with high-risk, nonmetastatic prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Hayes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hayes ARBrungs D & Pavlakis N2018Osteoclast inhibitors to prevent bone metastases in men with high-risk, nonmetastatic prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One13e0191455. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0191455)"},{"key":"bib72","series-title":"Endocrine Reviews","first-page":"778","article-title":"Androgen receptor (AR) coregulators: a diversity of functions converging on and regulating the AR transcriptional complex","volume":"28","author":"Heemers v","year":"2007","unstructured":"Heemers v HV. & Tindall DJ2007Androgen receptor (AR) coregulators: a diversity of functions converging on and regulating the AR transcriptional complex. Endocrine Reviews28778\u2013808. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2007-0019)"},{"key":"bib73","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"116074","article-title":"Reorganization of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network characteristics in tumor sites of an immunocompetent murine model of osteotropic cancers","volume":"152","author":"Hemmatian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hemmatian HConrad SFuresi GMletzko KKrug JFaila AVKuhlmann JDRauner MBusse B & J\u00e4hn-Rickert K2021Reorganization of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network characteristics in tumor sites of an immunocompetent murine model of osteotropic cancers. Bone152116074. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2021.116074)"},{"key":"bib74","series-title":"PLoS One","article-title":"Expression of androgen receptor splice variants in prostate cancer bone metastases is associated with castration-resistance and short survival","volume":"6","author":"H\u00f6rnberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"H\u00f6rnberg EYlitalo EBCrnalic SAntti HStattin PWidmark ABergh A & Wikstr\u00f6m P2011Expression of androgen receptor splice variants in prostate cancer bone metastases is associated with castration-resistance and short survival. PLoS One6 e19059. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0019059)"},{"key":"bib75","series-title":"Current Oncology","first-page":"S72","article-title":"Current management of castrate-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"17","author":"Hotte","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hotte SJ & Saad F2010Current management of castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Current Oncology17S72\u2013S79. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3747\/co.v17i0.718)"},{"key":"bib76","series-title":"JAMA Oncology","first-page":"705","article-title":"Increase in prostate cancer distant metastases at diagnosis in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Hu","year":"2017a","unstructured":"Hu JCNguyen PMao JHalpern JShoag JWright JD & Sedrakyan A2017aIncrease in prostate cancer distant metastases at diagnosis in the United States. JAMA Oncology3705\u2013707. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.5465)"},{"key":"bib77","series-title":"Tumour Biology","first-page":"1010428317692259","article-title":"Dissecting the roles of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer from molecular perspectives","volume":"39","author":"Hu","year":"2017b","unstructured":"Hu JWang G & Sun T2017bDissecting the roles of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer from molecular perspectives. Tumour Biology391010428317692259. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1010428317692259)"},{"key":"bib78","series-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology","first-page":"794","article-title":"CCL5 increases lung cancer migration via PI3K, Akt and NF-\u03baB pathways","volume":"77","author":"Huang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huang CYFong YCLee CYChen MYTsai HCHsu HC & Tang CH2009CCL5 increases lung cancer migration via PI3K, Akt and NF-\u03baB pathways. Biochemical Pharmacology77794\u2013803. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2008.11.014)"},{"key":"bib79","series-title":"Nature Medicine","first-page":"1132","article-title":"Estrogen promotes apoptosis of murine osteoclasts mediated by TGF-beta","volume":"2","author":"Hughes","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hughes DEDai ATiffee JCLi HHMundy GR & Boyce BF1996Estrogen promotes apoptosis of murine osteoclasts mediated by TGF-beta. Nature Medicine21132\u20131136. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm1096-1132)"},{"key":"bib80","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"1406","article-title":"Pathogenesis of osteoblastic bone metastases from prostate cancer","volume":"116","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ibrahim TFlamini EMercatali LSacanna ESerra P & Amadori D2010Pathogenesis of osteoblastic bone metastases from prostate cancer. Cancer1161406\u20131418. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.24896)"},{"key":"bib81","series-title":"Clinical Cancer Research","first-page":"1765","article-title":"A new parameter for measuring metastatic bone involvement by prostate cancer: the bone scan index","volume":"4","author":"Imbriaco","year":"1998","unstructured":"Imbriaco MLarson SMYeung HWMawlawi ORErdi YVenkatraman ES & Scher HI1998A new parameter for measuring metastatic bone involvement by prostate cancer: the bone scan index. Clinical Cancer Research41765\u20131772."},{"key":"bib82","series-title":"Oncotarget","first-page":"12520","article-title":"Biological and clinical effects of abiraterone on anti-resorptive and anabolic activity in bone microenvironment","volume":"6","author":"Iuliani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iuliani MPantano FButtigliero CFioramonti MBertaglia VVincenzi BZoccoli ARibelli GTucci MVignani F, 2015Biological and clinical effects of abiraterone on anti-resorptive and anabolic activity in bone microenvironment. Oncotarget612520\u201312528. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.3724)"},{"key":"bib83","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","first-page":"338","article-title":"Abiraterone for prostate cancer not previously treated with hormone therapy","volume":"377","author":"James","year":"2017","unstructured":"James NDde Bono JSSpears MRClarke NWMason MDDearnaley DPRitchie AWSAmos CLGilson CJones RJ, 2017Abiraterone for prostate cancer not previously treated with hormone therapy. New England Journal of Medicine377338\u2013351. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1702900)"},{"key":"bib84","series-title":"Immunology, Endocrine and Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry","first-page":"131","article-title":"Targeting ErbB3: the new RTK (id) on the prostate cancer block","volume":"11","author":"Jathal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jathal MKChen LMudryj M & Ghosh PM2011Targeting ErbB3: the new RTK (id) on the prostate cancer block. Immunology, Endocrine and Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry11131\u2013149. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/187152211795495643)"},{"key":"bib85","series-title":"British Journal of Cancer","first-page":"237","article-title":"Dacomitinib, but not lapatinib, suppressed progression in castration-resistant prostate cancer models by preventing HER2 increase","volume":"121","author":"Jathal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jathal MKSteele TMSiddiqui SMooso BAD\u2019Abronzo LSDrake CMWhang YE & Ghosh PM2019Dacomitinib, but not lapatinib, suppressed progression in castration-resistant prostate cancer models by preventing HER2 increase. British Journal of Cancer121237\u2013248. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41416-019-0496-4)"},{"key":"bib86","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"1434","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the anabolic effect of intermittent PTH","volume":"40","author":"Jilka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jilka RL2007Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the anabolic effect of intermittent PTH. Bone401434\u20131446. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2007.03.017)"},{"key":"bib87","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"275","article-title":"Intermittent PTH stimulates periosteal bone formation by actions on post-mitotic preosteoblasts","volume":"44","author":"Jilka","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jilka RLO\u2019Brien CAAli AARoberson PKWeinstein RS & Manolagas SC2009Intermittent PTH stimulates periosteal bone formation by actions on post-mitotic preosteoblasts. Bone44275\u2013286. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2008.10.037)"},{"key":"bib88","series-title":"Molecular Cancer Research","first-page":"197","article-title":"Annexin 2-CXCL12 interactions regulate metastatic cell targeting and growth in the bone marrow","volume":"13","author":"Jung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jung YWang JLee EMcGee SBerry JEYumoto KDai JKeller ETShiozawa Y & Taichman RS2015Annexin 2-CXCL12 interactions regulate metastatic cell targeting and growth in the bone marrow. Molecular Cancer Research13197\u2013207. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-14-0118)"},{"key":"bib89","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"82","article-title":"Annexin II expressed by osteoblasts and endothelial cells regulates stem cell adhesion, homing, and engraftment following transplantation","volume":"110","author":"Jung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jung YWang JSong JShiozawa YWang JHavens AWang ZSun YXEmerson SGKrebsbach PH, 2007Annexin II expressed by osteoblasts and endothelial cells regulates stem cell adhesion, homing, and engraftment following transplantation. Blood11082\u201390. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2006-05-021352)"},{"key":"bib90","series-title":"Cancer Biology and Therapy","first-page":"656","article-title":"In vivo visualization of metastatic prostate cancer and quantitation of disease progression in immunocompromised mice","volume":"2","author":"Kalikin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kalikin LMSchneider AThakur MAFridman YGriffin LBDunn RLRosol TJShah RBRehemtulla AMcCauley LK, 2003In vivo visualization of metastatic prostate cancer and quantitation of disease progression in immunocompromised mice. Cancer Biology and Therapy2656\u2013660. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/cbt.2.6.531)"},{"key":"bib91","series-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","first-page":"1674","article-title":"Cancer cell colonisation in the bone microenvironment","volume":"17","author":"Kan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kan CVargas GPape FL & Cl\u00e9zardin P2016Cancer cell colonisation in the bone microenvironment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences171674. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms17101674)"},{"key":"bib92","series-title":"Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma","first-page":"91","article-title":"The androgen receptor as an emerging target in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"2","author":"Kanda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kanda T & Yokosuka O2015The androgen receptor as an emerging target in hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma291\u201399. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JHC.S48956)"},{"key":"bib93","series-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","first-page":"41","article-title":"Neural androgen receptors modulate gene expression and social recognition but not social investigation","volume":"10","author":"Karlsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karlsson SAStuder EKettunen P & Westberg L2016Neural androgen receptors modulate gene expression and social recognition but not social investigation. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience1041. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2016.00041)"},{"key":"bib94","series-title":"Prostate","first-page":"446","article-title":"Osteoblast-derived factors promote metastatic potential in human prostate cancer cells, in part via non-canonical transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF\u03b2) signaling","volume":"78","author":"Karlsson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karlsson TSundar RWidmark ALandstr\u00f6m M & Persson E2018Osteoblast-derived factors promote metastatic potential in human prostate cancer cells, in part via non-canonical transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF\u03b2) signaling. Prostate78446\u2013456. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.23489)"},{"key":"bib95","series-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","first-page":"9416","article-title":"Suppressive function of androgen receptor in bone resorption","volume":"100","author":"Kawano","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kawano HSato TYamada TMatsumoto TSekine KWatanabe TNakamura TFukuda TYoshimura KYoshizawa T, 2003Suppressive function of androgen receptor in bone resorption. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1009416\u20139421. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1533500100)"},{"key":"bib96","series-title":"Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM","first-page":"576","article-title":"Estrogen and the skeleton","volume":"23","author":"Khosla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khosla SOursler MJ & Monroe DG2012Estrogen and the skeleton. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM23576\u2013581. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2012.03.008)"},{"key":"bib97","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","article-title":"Effect of androgen-deprivation therapy on bone mineral density in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim DKLee JYKim KJHong NKim JWHah YSKoo KCKim JH & Cho KS2019Effect of androgen-deprivation therapy on bone mineral density in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine8. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8010113)"},{"key":"bib98","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","first-page":"892","article-title":"Sclerostin antibody administration converts bone lining cells into active osteoblasts","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim SWLu YWilliams EALai FLee JYEnishi TBalani DHOminsky MSKe HZKronenberg HM, 2017Sclerostin antibody administration converts bone lining cells into active osteoblasts. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research32892\u2013901. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.3038)"},{"key":"bib99","series-title":"Scientific Reports","article-title":"Alteration of osteoblast arrangement via direct attack by cancer cells: new insights into bone metastasis","volume":"7","author":"Kimura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kimura YMatsugaki ASekita A & Nakano T2017Alteration of osteoblast arrangement via direct attack by cancer cells: new insights into bone metastasis. Scientific Reports7 44824. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep44824)"},{"key":"bib100","series-title":"Molecular Cancer Therapeutics","first-page":"2609","article-title":"Molecular biology of bone metastasis","volume":"6","author":"Kingsley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kingsley LAFournier PGJChirgwin JM & Guise TA2007Molecular biology of bone metastasis. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics62609\u20132617. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-07-0234)"},{"key":"bib101","series-title":"BioEssays: News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology","first-page":"115","article-title":"Turning it up a Notch: cross-talk between TGF beta and Notch signaling","volume":"27","author":"Kl\u00fcppel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kl\u00fcppel M & Wrana JL2005Turning it up a Notch: cross-talk between TGF beta and Notch signaling. BioEssays: News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology27115\u2013118. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.20187)"},{"key":"bib102","series-title":"Organogenesis","first-page":"68","article-title":"Wnt signal transduction pathways","volume":"4","author":"Komiya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Komiya Y & Habas R2008Wnt signal transduction pathways. Organogenesis468\u201375. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/org.4.2.5851)"},{"key":"bib103","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"68","article-title":"Estrogen receptor \u03b1 in osteocytes regulates trabecular bone formation in female mice","volume":"60","author":"Kondoh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kondoh SInoue KIgarashi KSugizaki HShirode-Fukuda YInoue EYu TTakeuchi JKKanno JBonewald LF, 2014Estrogen receptor \u03b1 in osteocytes regulates trabecular bone formation in female mice. Bone6068\u201377. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2013.12.005)"},{"key":"bib104","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","first-page":"1823","article-title":"Three-dimensional type I collagen gel system for the study of osteoblastic metastases produced by metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"9","author":"Koutsilieris","year":"1994","unstructured":"Koutsilieris MSourla APelletier G & Doillon CJ1994Three-dimensional type I collagen gel system for the study of osteoblastic metastases produced by metastatic prostate cancer. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research91823\u20131832. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.5650091120)"},{"key":"bib105","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","first-page":"1202","article-title":"Regulation of bone mass by Wnt signaling","volume":"116","author":"Krishnan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krishnan VBryant HU & Macdougald OA2006Regulation of bone mass by Wnt signaling. Journal of Clinical Investigation1161202\u20131209. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI28551)"},{"key":"bib106","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"323","article-title":"Coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis by a specific vessel subtype in bone","volume":"507","author":"Kusumbe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kusumbe APRamasamy SK & Adams RH2014Coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis by a specific vessel subtype in bone. Nature507323\u2013328. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature13145)"},{"key":"bib107","series-title":"Urology","first-page":"385","article-title":"Bone mineral density in prostate cancer: a comparative study of patients with prostate cancer and healthy controls using propensity score matching","volume":"83","author":"Kwon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kwon TJeong IGPark MYou DLee JKim HKHong SHong JHAhn H & Kim CS2014Bone mineral density in prostate cancer: a comparative study of patients with prostate cancer and healthy controls using propensity score matching. Urology83385\u2013392. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2013.08.045)"},{"key":"bib108","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Chemohormonal therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: long-term survival analysis of the randomized Phase III E3805 CHAARTED trial","volume":"36","author":"Kyriakopoulos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kyriakopoulos CEChen YHCarducci MALiu GJarrard DFHahn NMShevrin DHDreicer RHussain MEisenberger M, 2018Chemohormonal therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: long-term survival analysis of the randomized Phase III E3805 CHAARTED trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology361080\u20131087. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2017.75.3657)"},{"key":"bib109","series-title":"Nature Cell Biology","first-page":"189","article-title":"2017 cell-matrix signals specify bone endothelial cells during developmental osteogenesis","volume":"19","author":"Langen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Langen UHPitulescu MEKim JMEnriquez-Gasca RSivaraj KKKusumbe APSingh Adi Russo JBixel MGZhou B, 20172017 cell-matrix signals specify bone endothelial cells during developmental osteogenesis. Nature Cell Biology19189\u2013201. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncb3476)"},{"key":"bib110","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","first-page":"400","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in BMD and bone geometry in a population-based study","volume":"23","author":"Lauretani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lauretani FBandinelli SGriswold MEMaggio MSemba RGuralnik JM & Ferrucci L2008Longitudinal changes in BMD and bone geometry in a population-based study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research23400\u2013408. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.071103)"},{"key":"bib111","series-title":"Trends in Molecular Medicine","first-page":"133","article-title":"Chemokines and chemokine receptors: new insights into cancer-related inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Lazennec","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lazennec G & Richmond A2010Chemokines and chemokine receptors: new insights into cancer-related inflammation. Trends in Molecular Medicine16133\u2013144. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2010.01.003)"},{"key":"bib112","series-title":"Cancer Science","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein-6 induces castration resistance in prostate cancer cells through tumor infiltrating macrophages","volume":"104","author":"Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee GTJung YSHa YSKim JHKim WJ & Kim IY2013Bone morphogenetic protein-6 induces castration resistance in prostate cancer cells through tumor infiltrating macrophages. Cancer Science1041027\u20131032. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cas.12206)"},{"key":"bib113","series-title":"Cell","first-page":"456","article-title":"Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton","volume":"130","author":"Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee NKSowa HHinoi EFerron MDeok Ahn JDConfavreux CDacquin RMee PJMckee MDJung DY, 2007Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton. Cell130456\u2013469. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2007.05.047)"},{"key":"bib114","series-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","first-page":"118","article-title":"Preferential adhesion of prostate cancer cells to a human bone marrow endothelial cell line","volume":"90","author":"Lehr","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lehr JE & Pienta KJ1998Preferential adhesion of prostate cancer cells to a human bone marrow endothelial cell line. Journal of the National Cancer Institute90118\u2013123. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/90.2.118)"},{"key":"bib115","series-title":"Annual Review of Cancer Biology","first-page":"313","article-title":"Extracellular matrix remodeling and stiffening modulate tumor phenotype and treatment response","volume":"1","author":"Leight","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leight JLDrain AP & Weaver VM2017Extracellular matrix remodeling and stiffening modulate tumor phenotype and treatment response. Annual Review of Cancer Biology1313\u2013334. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-cancerbio-050216-034431)"},{"key":"bib116","series-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","article-title":"Non-genomic actions of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer","volume":"8","author":"Leung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leung JK & Sadar MD2017Non-genomic actions of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer. Frontiers in Endocrinology8 2. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2017.00002)"},{"key":"bib117","series-title":"JCI Insight","article-title":"Constitutive bone marrow adipocytes suppress local bone formation","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li ZBagchi DPZhu JBowers EYu HHardij JMori HGranger KSkjaerlund JMandair G, 2022Constitutive bone marrow adipocytes suppress local bone formation. JCI Insight7 e160915. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.160915)"},{"key":"bib118","series-title":"Frontiers in Oncology","article-title":"Crosstalk of oncogenic signaling pathways during epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"4","author":"Lindsey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lindsey S & Langhans SA2014Crosstalk of oncogenic signaling pathways during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Frontiers in Oncology4 358. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2014.00358)"},{"key":"bib119","series-title":"Bone Research","first-page":"32","article-title":"Overexpression of Lrp5 enhanced the anti-breast cancer effects of osteocytes in bone","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu SWu DSun XFan YZha RJalali AFeng YLi KSano TVike N, 2021Overexpression of Lrp5 enhanced the anti-breast cancer effects of osteocytes in bone. Bone Research932. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41413-021-00152-2)"},{"key":"bib120","series-title":"Cancer Metastasis Reviews","first-page":"189","article-title":"Current perspectives on bone metastases in castrate-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"37","author":"Logothetis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Logothetis CMorris MJDen R & Coleman RE2018Current perspectives on bone metastases in castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Metastasis Reviews37189\u2013196. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10555-017-9719-4)"},{"key":"bib121","series-title":"Nature Reviews. Cancer","first-page":"21","article-title":"Osteoblasts in prostate cancer metastasis to bone","volume":"5","author":"Logothetis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Logothetis CJ & Lin SH2005Osteoblasts in prostate cancer metastasis to bone. Nature Reviews. Cancer521\u201328. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrc1528)"},{"key":"bib122","series-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","article-title":"Roles of non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways in bone biology","volume":"22","author":"Lojk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lojk J & Marc J2021Roles of non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways in bone biology. International Journal of Molecular Sciences22 10840. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms221910840)"},{"key":"bib123","series-title":"Journal of Cellular Biochemistry","first-page":"5665","article-title":"Mechanical regulation of breast cancer migration and apoptosis via direct and indirect osteocyte signaling","volume":"119","author":"Ma v.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma v. YVLam CDalmia SGao PYoung JMiddleton KLiu CXu H & You L2018Mechanical regulation of breast cancer migration and apoptosis via direct and indirect osteocyte signaling. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry1195665\u20135675. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.26745)"},{"key":"bib124","series-title":"Journal of Cellular Biochemistry","first-page":"7590","article-title":"Mechanically stimulated osteocytes reduce the bone-metastatic potential of breast cancer cells in vitro by signaling through endothelial cells","volume":"120","author":"Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma YVXu LMei XMiddleton K & You L2019Mechanically stimulated osteocytes reduce the bone-metastatic potential of breast cancer cells in vitro by signaling through endothelial cells. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry1207590\u20137601. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.28034)"},{"key":"bib125","series-title":"FASEB Journal","first-page":"478","article-title":"Inactivation of estrogen receptor in bone-forming cells induces bone loss in female mice","volume":"27","author":"M\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4","year":"2013a","unstructured":"M\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4 JAB\u00fcki KGGu GAlanne MHV\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4niemi JLiljenb\u00e4ck HPoutanen MH\u00e4rk\u00f6nen P & V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen K2013aInactivation of estrogen receptor in bone-forming cells induces bone loss in female mice. FASEB Journal27478\u2013488. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.12-213587)"},{"key":"bib126","series-title":"BoneKEy Reports","first-page":"440","article-title":"Inactivation of the androgen receptor in bone-forming cells leads to trabecular bone loss in adult female mice","volume":"2","author":"M\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4","year":"2013b","unstructured":"M\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4 JAB\u00fcki KGIvaska KKNieminen-Pihala VElo TDK\u00e4hk\u00f6nen TPoutanen MH\u00e4rk\u00f6nen P & V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen K2013bInactivation of the androgen receptor in bone-forming cells leads to trabecular bone loss in adult female mice. BoneKEy Reports2440. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bonekey.2013.174)"},{"key":"bib127","series-title":"Nature Medicine","first-page":"405","article-title":"Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling between osteoblast-lineage cells and osteoclast precursors enhances osteoclastogenesis","volume":"18","author":"Maeda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maeda KKobayashi YUdagawa NUehara SIshihara AMizoguchi TKikuchi YTakada IKato SKani S, 2012Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling between osteoblast-lineage cells and osteoclast precursors enhances osteoclastogenesis. Nature Medicine18405\u2013412. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.2653)"},{"key":"bib128","series-title":"Nature Reviews. Endocrinology","first-page":"699","article-title":"The role of estrogen and androgen receptors in bone health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Manolagas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Manolagas SCO\u2019Brien CA & Almeida M2013The role of estrogen and androgen receptors in bone health and disease. Nature Reviews. Endocrinology9699\u2013712. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2013.179)"},{"key":"bib129","series-title":"European Radiology","first-page":"995","article-title":"Spinal multiparametric MRI and DEXA changes over time in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy: a potential imaging biomarker of treatment toxicity","volume":"27","author":"Martin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martin JArm JSmart JPalazzi KCapp AAinsworth P & Cowin G2017Spinal multiparametric MRI and DEXA changes over time in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy: a potential imaging biomarker of treatment toxicity. European Radiology27995\u20131003. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-016-4434-z)"},{"key":"bib130","series-title":"Calcified Tissue International","first-page":"101","article-title":"Fatigue microdamage as an essential element of bone mechanics and biology","volume":"73","author":"Martin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Martin RB2003Fatigue microdamage as an essential element of bone mechanics and biology. Calcified Tissue International73101\u2013107. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-002-1059-9)"},{"key":"bib131","series-title":"Skeletal Tissue Mechanics","first-page":"127","article-title":"Mechanical properties of bone","author":"Martin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Martin RBBurr DB & Sharkey NA1998Mechanical properties of bone. In Skeletal Tissue Mechanics127\u2013180. Eds. Martin RBBurrDB & SharkeyNA. New York, NY, USA: Springer. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4757-2968-9_4)"},{"key":"bib132","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","first-page":"1399","article-title":"Manipulating the environment of cancer cells in bone: a novel therapeutic approach","volume":"110","author":"Martin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Martin TJ2002Manipulating the environment of cancer cells in bone: a novel therapeutic approach. Journal of Clinical Investigation1101399\u20131401. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI17124)"},{"key":"bib133","series-title":"Molecular Endocrinology","first-page":"323","article-title":"The estrogen receptor-\u03b1 in osteoclasts mediates the protective effects of estrogens on cancellous but not cortical bone","volume":"24","author":"Martin-Millan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Martin-Millan MAlmeida MAmbrogini EHan LZhao HWeinstein RSJilka RLO\u2019Brien CA & Manolagas SC2010The estrogen receptor-\u03b1 in osteoclasts mediates the protective effects of estrogens on cancellous but not cortical bone. Molecular Endocrinology24323\u2013334. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/me.2009-0354)"},{"key":"bib134","series-title":"Cancer Management and Research","first-page":"5225","article-title":"Biomarkers that differentiate benign prostatic hyperplasia from prostate cancer: a literature review","volume":"12","author":"McNally","year":"2020","unstructured":"McNally CJRuddock MWMoore T & McKenna DJ2020Biomarkers that differentiate benign prostatic hyperplasia from prostate cancer: a literature review. Cancer Management and Research125225\u20135241. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CMAR.S250829)"},{"key":"bib135","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","first-page":"370","article-title":"Female mice lacking estrogen receptor-alpha in osteoblasts have compromised bone mass and strength","volume":"29","author":"Melville","year":"2014","unstructured":"Melville KMKelly NHKhan SASchimenti JCRoss FPMain RP & Van Der Meulen MCH2014Female mice lacking estrogen receptor-alpha in osteoblasts have compromised bone mass and strength. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research29370\u2013379. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.2082)"},{"key":"bib136","series-title":"Biomedicines","article-title":"The androgen receptor in prostate cancer: effect of structure, ligands and spliced variants on therapy","volume":"8","author":"Messner","year":"2020a","unstructured":"Messner EASteele TMTsamouri MMHejazi NGao ACMudryj M & Ghosh PM2020aThe androgen receptor in prostate cancer: effect of structure, ligands and spliced variants on therapy. Biomedicines8 422. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines8100422)"},{"key":"bib137","series-title":"Biomedicines","first-page":"1","article-title":"The androgen receptor in prostate cancer: effect of structure, ligands and spliced variants on therapy","volume":"8","author":"Messner","year":"2020b","unstructured":"Messner EASteele TMTsamouri MMHejazi NGao ACMudryj M & Ghosh PM2020bThe androgen receptor in prostate cancer: effect of structure, ligands and spliced variants on therapy. Biomedicines81\u201319. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines8100422)"},{"key":"bib138","series-title":"Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","first-page":"58","article-title":"Hypoxia enhances transcriptional activity of androgen receptor through hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 in a low androgen environment","volume":"123","author":"Mitani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mitani TYamaji RHigashimura YHarada NNakano Y & Inui H2011Hypoxia enhances transcriptional activity of androgen receptor through hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 in a low androgen environment. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology12358\u201364. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.10.009)"},{"key":"bib139","series-title":"Gene","first-page":"1","article-title":"Update on Wnt signaling in bone cell biology and bone disease","volume":"492","author":"Monroe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Monroe DGMcGee-Lawrence MEOursler MJ & Westendorf JJ2012Update on Wnt signaling in bone cell biology and bone disease. Gene4921\u201318. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2011.10.044)"},{"key":"bib140","series-title":"Anatomy and ultrastructure of bone \u2013 histogenesis, growth and remodeling","author":"Moreira","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moreira CADempster DW & Baron R2000Anatomy and ultrastructure of bone \u2013 histogenesis, growth and remodeling. In FeingoldKR, Endotext. South Dartmouth, MA, USA: MDText.com."},{"key":"bib141","series-title":"Cell","first-page":"811","article-title":"Estrogen prevents bone loss via estrogen receptor \u03b1 and induction of Fas ligand in osteoclasts","volume":"130","author":"Nakamura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nakamura TImai YMatsumoto TSato STakeuchi KIgarashi KHarada YAzuma YKrust AYamamoto Y, 2007Estrogen prevents bone loss via estrogen receptor \u03b1 and induction of Fas ligand in osteoclasts. Cell130811\u2013823. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2007.07.025)"},{"key":"bib142","series-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute","first-page":"17","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase activity, bone matrix turnover, and tumor cell proliferation in prostate cancer bone metastasis","volume":"94","author":"Nemeth","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nemeth JAYousif RHerzog MChe MUpadhyay JShekarriz BBhagat SMullins CFridman R & Cher ML2002Matrix metalloproteinase activity, bone matrix turnover, and tumor cell proliferation in prostate cancer bone metastasis. Journal of the National Cancer Institute9417\u201325. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/94.1.17)"},{"key":"bib143","series-title":"Cancer Research","first-page":"2497","article-title":"Role of extracellular matrix assembly in interstitial transport in solid tumors","volume":"60","author":"Netti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Netti PABerk DASwartz MAGrodzinsky AJ & Jain RK2000Role of extracellular matrix assembly in interstitial transport in solid tumors. Cancer Research602497\u20132503."},{"key":"bib144","series-title":"Journal of Urology","first-page":"162","article-title":"Skeletal related events, bone metastasis and survival of prostate cancer: a population based cohort study in Denmark (1999 to 2007)","volume":"184","author":"N\u00f8rgaard","year":"2010","unstructured":"N\u00f8rgaard MJensen A\u00d8Jacobsen JBCetin KFryzek JP & S\u00f8rensen HT2010Skeletal related events, bone metastasis and survival of prostate cancer: a population based cohort study in Denmark (1999 to 2007). Journal of Urology184162\u2013167. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2010.03.034)"},{"key":"bib145","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","first-page":"347","article-title":"Osteoblast deletion of exon 3 of the androgen receptor gene results in trabecular bone loss in adult male mice","volume":"22","author":"Notini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Notini AJMcManus JFMoore ABouxsein MJimenez MChiu WSMGlatt VKream BEHandelsman DJMorris HA, 2007Osteoblast deletion of exon 3 of the androgen receptor gene results in trabecular bone loss in adult male mice. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research22347\u2013356. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.061117)"},{"key":"bib146","series-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","first-page":"903925","article-title":"Adipocyte-cancer cell interactions in the bone microenvironment","volume":"13","author":"Otley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Otley MOC & Sinal CJ2022Adipocyte-cancer cell interactions in the bone microenvironment. Frontiers in Endocrinology13903925. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.903925)"},{"key":"bib147","series-title":"Endocrine-Related Cancer","first-page":"769","article-title":"Castration-induced bone loss triggers growth of disseminated prostate cancer cells in bone","volume":"21","author":"Ottewell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ottewell PDWang NMeek JFowles CACroucher PIEaton CL & Holen I2014Castration-induced bone loss triggers growth of disseminated prostate cancer cells in bone. Endocrine-Related Cancer21769\u2013781. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ERC-14-0199)"},{"key":"bib148","series-title":"Cell","first-page":"796","article-title":"Endocrine regulation of male fertility by the skeleton","volume":"144","author":"Oury","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oury FSumara GSumara OFerron MChang HSmith CEHermo LSuarez SRoth BLDucy P, 2011Endocrine regulation of male fertility by the skeleton. Cell144796\u2013809. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.004)"},{"key":"bib149","series-title":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Developmental Biology","first-page":"479","article-title":"Neural induction and early patterning in vertebrates","volume":"2","author":"Ozair","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ozair MZKintner C & Brivanlou AH2013Neural induction and early patterning in vertebrates. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Developmental Biology2479\u2013498. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wdev.90)"},{"key":"bib151","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","first-page":"647","article-title":"Direct transformation from quiescence to bone formation in the adult periosteum following a single brief period of bone loading","volume":"3","author":"Pead","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pead MJSkerry TM & Lanyon LE1988Direct transformation from quiescence to bone formation in the adult periosteum following a single brief period of bone loading. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research3647\u2013656. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.5650030610)"},{"key":"bib152","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"403","article-title":"Effects of the bisphosphonate olpadronate in patients with carcinoma of the prostate metastatic to the skeleton","volume":"22","author":"Pelger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pelger RCHamdy NAZwinderman AHLycklama \u00e0 Nijeholt AA & Papapoulos SE1998Effects of the bisphosphonate olpadronate in patients with carcinoma of the prostate metastatic to the skeleton. Bone22403\u2013408. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s8756-3282)"},{"key":"bib153","series-title":"Theranostics","first-page":"426","article-title":"Type H blood vessels in bone modeling and remodeling","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peng YWu SLi Y & Crane JL2020Type H blood vessels in bone modeling and remodeling. Theranostics10426\u2013436. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.34126)"},{"key":"bib154","series-title":"European Journal of Surgical Oncology: the Journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology","first-page":"41","article-title":"Biochemical and histological evidence that carcinoma of the prostate is associated with increased bone resorption","volume":"13","author":"Percival","year":"1987","unstructured":"Percival RCUrwin GHHarris SYates AJWilliams JLBeneton M & Kanis JA1987Biochemical and histological evidence that carcinoma of the prostate is associated with increased bone resorption. European Journal of Surgical Oncology: the Journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology1341\u201349."},{"key":"bib238","first-page":"2024","article-title":"Modulation of type beta transforming growth factor activity in bone cultures by osteotropic hormones","volume":"84","year":"1987","unstructured":"Pfeilschifter J & Mundy GR1987Modulation of type beta transforming growth factor activity in bone cultures by osteotropic hormones. PNAS842024\u20132028. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.84.7.2024)"},{"key":"bib156","series-title":"Nature Communications","first-page":"13601","article-title":"Blood flow controls bone vascular function and osteogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ramasamy SKKusumbe APSchiller MZeuschner DBixel MGMilia CGamrekelashvili JLimbourg AMedvinsky ASantoro MM, 2016Blood flow controls bone vascular function and osteogenesis. Nature Communications713601. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms13601)"},{"key":"bib157","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"376","article-title":"Endothelial Notch activity promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis in bone","volume":"507","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramasamy SKKusumbe APWang L & Adams RH2014Endothelial Notch activity promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis in bone. Nature507376\u2013380. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature13146)"},{"key":"bib158","series-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology","first-page":"a007997","article-title":"Wnt signaling in bone development and disease: making stronger bone with Wnts","volume":"4","author":"Regard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Regard JBZhong ZWilliams BO & Yang Y2012Wnt signaling in bone development and disease: making stronger bone with Wnts. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology4a007997. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a007997)"},{"key":"bib159","series-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","first-page":"R65","article-title":"EXTENSIVE EXPERTISE IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: osteoporosis management","volume":"187","author":"Reid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reid IR2022EXTENSIVE EXPERTISE IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: osteoporosis management. European Journal of Endocrinology187R65\u2013R80. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-22-0574)"},{"key":"bib160","series-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","first-page":"428","article-title":"Wnt5a induces and maintains prostate cancer cells dormancy in bone","volume":"216","author":"Ren","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ren DDai YYang QZhang XGuo WYe LHuang SChen XLai YDu H, 2019Wnt5a induces and maintains prostate cancer cells dormancy in bone. Journal of Experimental Medicine216428\u2013449. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20180661)"},{"key":"bib161","series-title":"Molecular Endocrinology","first-page":"1921","article-title":"The promoter of the prostate-specific antigen gene contains a functional androgen responsive element","volume":"5","author":"Riegman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Riegman PHJVlietstra RJvan der Korput JAGMBrinkmann AO & Trapman J1991The promoter of the prostate-specific antigen gene contains a functional androgen responsive element. Molecular Endocrinology51921\u20131930. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/mend-5-12-1921)"},{"key":"bib162","series-title":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","first-page":"126","article-title":"The interaction of biological factors with mechanical signals in bone adaptation: recent developments","volume":"10","author":"Robling","year":"2012","unstructured":"Robling AG2012The interaction of biological factors with mechanical signals in bone adaptation: recent developments. Current Osteoporosis Reports10126\u2013131. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11914-012-0099-y)"},{"key":"bib163","series-title":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","first-page":"455","article-title":"Biomechanical and molecular regulation of bone remodeling","volume":"8","author":"Robling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Robling AGCastillo AB & Turner CH2006Biomechanical and molecular regulation of bone remodeling. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering8455\u2013498. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.8.061505.095721)"},{"key":"bib164","series-title":"Cancer Research","first-page":"2083","article-title":"Prostate cancer cell adhesion to bone marrow endothelium: the role of prostate-specific antigen","volume":"64","author":"Romanov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Romanov VIWhyard TAdler HLWaltzer WC & Zucker S2004Prostate cancer cell adhesion to bone marrow endothelium: the role of prostate-specific antigen. Cancer Research642083\u20132089. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.can-03-3487)"},{"key":"bib165","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","first-page":"1655","article-title":"Mechanisms of bone metastasis","volume":"350","author":"Roodman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roodman GD2004Mechanisms of bone metastasis. New England Journal of Medicine3501655\u20131664. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra030831)"},{"key":"bib166","series-title":"Journal of Urology","first-page":"1154","article-title":"Histopathological assessment of prostate cancer bone osteoblastic metastases","volume":"180","author":"Roudier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roudier MPMorrissey CTrue LDHigano CSVessella RL & Ott SM2008Histopathological assessment of prostate cancer bone osteoblastic metastases. Journal of Urology1801154\u20131160. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2008.04.140)"},{"key":"bib167","series-title":"Medical Oncology","article-title":"Castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases: toward the best therapeutic choice","volume":"39","author":"Roviello","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roviello GCatalano MOttanelli CGiorgione RRossi VGambale ECasadei CDe Giorgi U & Antonuzzo L2022Castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases: toward the best therapeutic choice. Medical Oncology39 145. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12032-022-01739-3)"},{"key":"bib168","series-title":"Oncogene","first-page":"412","article-title":"The \u03b1-receptor for platelet-derived growth factor as a target for antibody-mediated inhibition of skeletal metastases from prostate cancer cells","volume":"28","author":"Russell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Russell MRJamieson WLDolloff NG & Fatatis A2009The \u03b1-receptor for platelet-derived growth factor as a target for antibody-mediated inhibition of skeletal metastases from prostate cancer cells. Oncogene28412\u2013421. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/onc.2008.390)"},{"key":"bib169","series-title":"Neoplasia","first-page":"100785","article-title":"Notch3 signaling between myeloma cells and osteocytes in the tumor niche promotes tumor growth and bone destruction","volume":"28","author":"Sabol","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sabol HMAmorim TAshby CHalladay DAnderson JCregor MSweet MNookaew IKurihara NRoodman GD, 2022Notch3 signaling between myeloma cells and osteocytes in the tumor niche promotes tumor growth and bone destruction. Neoplasia28100785. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neo.2022.100785)"},{"key":"bib170","series-title":"Cancer Research","first-page":"5102","article-title":"Targeting notch inhibitors to the myeloma bone marrow niche decreases tumor growth and bone destruction without gut toxicity","volume":"81","author":"Sabol","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sabol HMFerrari AJAdhikari MAmorim TMcAndrews KAnderson JVigolo MLehal RCregor MKhan S, 2021Targeting notch inhibitors to the myeloma bone marrow niche decreases tumor growth and bone destruction without gut toxicity. Cancer Research815102\u20135114. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-0524)"},{"key":"bib171","series-title":"European Urology","first-page":"592","article-title":"Clinical utility of quantitative Gleason grading in prostate biopsies and prostatectomy specimens","volume":"69","author":"Sauter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sauter GSteurer SClauditz TSKrech TWittmer CLutz FLennartz MJanssen THakimi NSimon R, 2016Clinical utility of quantitative Gleason grading in prostate biopsies and prostatectomy specimens. European Urology69592\u2013598. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.10.029)"},{"key":"bib172","series-title":"JCO Oncology Practice","first-page":"45","article-title":"Recent advances in the management of metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"18","author":"Sayegh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sayegh NSwami U & Agarwal N2022Recent advances in the management of metastatic prostate cancer. JCO Oncology Practice1845\u201355. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/OP.21.00206)"},{"key":"bib173","series-title":"Endocrinology","first-page":"1727","article-title":"Bone turnover mediates preferential localization of prostate cancer in the skeleton","volume":"146","author":"Schneider","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schneider AKalikin LMMattos ACKeller ETAllen MJPienta KJ & McCauley LK2005Bone turnover mediates preferential localization of prostate cancer in the skeleton. Endocrinology1461727\u20131736. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2004-1211)"},{"key":"bib174","series-title":"British Journal of Cancer","first-page":"1417","article-title":"Interactions of human prostatic epithelial cells with bone marrow endothelium: binding and invasion","volume":"84","author":"Scott","year":"2001","unstructured":"Scott LJClarke NWGeorge NJShanks JHTesta NG & Lang SH2001Interactions of human prostatic epithelial cells with bone marrow endothelium: binding and invasion. British Journal of Cancer841417\u20131423. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/bjoc.2001.1804)"},{"key":"bib175","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","first-page":"154","article-title":"Risk of fracture after androgen deprivation for prostate cancer","volume":"352","author":"Shahinian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shahinian VBKuo YFFreeman JL & Goodwin JS2005Risk of fracture after androgen deprivation for prostate cancer. New England Journal of Medicine352154\u2013164. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa041943)"},{"key":"bib176","series-title":"Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders","first-page":"149","article-title":"Sclerostin and skeletal health","volume":"16","author":"Sharifi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharifi MEreifej L & Lewiecki EM2015Sclerostin and skeletal health. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders16149\u2013156. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11154-015-9311-6)"},{"key":"bib177","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","first-page":"1298","article-title":"Human prostate cancer metastases target the hematopoietic stem cell niche to establish footholds in mouse bone marrow","volume":"121","author":"Shiozawa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shiozawa YPedersen EAHavens AMJung YMishra AJoseph JKim JKPatel LRYing CZiegler AM, 2011Human prostate cancer metastases target the hematopoietic stem cell niche to establish footholds in mouse bone marrow. Journal of Clinical Investigation1211298\u20131312. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI43414)"},{"key":"bib178","series-title":"Cancer Research","first-page":"4693","article-title":"CX3CR1-fractalkine expression regulates cellular mechanisms involved in adhesion, migration, and survival of human prostate cancer cells","volume":"64","author":"Shulby","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shulby SADolloff NGStearns MEMeucci O & Fatatis A2004CX3CR1-fractalkine expression regulates cellular mechanisms involved in adhesion, migration, and survival of human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Research644693\u20134698. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-3437)"},{"key":"bib179","series-title":"Bone Research","article-title":"GDF15 promotes prostate cancer bone metastasis and colonization through osteoblastic CCL2 and RANKL activation","volume":"10","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2022a","unstructured":"Siddiqui JASeshacharyulu PMuniyan SPothuraju RKhan PVengoji RChaudhary SMaurya SKLele SMJain M, 2022aGDF15 promotes prostate cancer bone metastasis and colonization through osteoblastic CCL2 and RANKL activation. Bone Research10 6. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41413-021-00178-6)"},{"key":"bib180","series-title":"Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews","first-page":"71","article-title":"Pathophysiological role of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in obesity, cancer, and cachexia","volume":"64","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2022b","unstructured":"Siddiqui JAPothuraju RKhan PSharma GMuniyan SSeshacharyulu PJain MNasser MW & Batra SK2022bPathophysiological role of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in obesity, cancer, and cachexia. Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews6471\u201383. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2021.11.002)"},{"key":"bib181","series-title":"CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians","first-page":"17","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siegel RLMiller KDWagle NS & Jemal A2023Cancer statistics, 2023. CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians7317\u201348. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21763)"},{"key":"bib182","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"121","article-title":"Paracrine interactions between LNCaP prostate cancer cells and bioengineered bone in 3D in vitro culture reflect molecular changes during bone metastasis","volume":"63","author":"Sieh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sieh STaubenberger v. AVLehman MLClements JANelson CC & Hutmacher DW2014Paracrine interactions between LNCaP prostate cancer cells and bioengineered bone in 3D in vitro culture reflect molecular changes during bone metastasis. Bone63121\u2013131. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2014.02.001)"},{"key":"bib183","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e40217","article-title":"Phenotypic characterization of prostate cancer LNCaP cells cultured within a bioengineered microenvironment","volume":"7","author":"Sieh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sieh STaubenberger v. AVRizzi SCSadowski MLehman MLRockstroh AAn JClements JANelson CC & Hutmacher DW2012Phenotypic characterization of prostate cancer LNCaP cells cultured within a bioengineered microenvironment. PLoS One7e40217. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0040217)"},{"key":"bib184","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","first-page":"2535","article-title":"Androgen receptor (AR) in osteocytes is important for the maintenance of male skeletal integrity: evidence from targeted AR disruption in mouse osteocytes","volume":"27","author":"Sinnesael","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sinnesael MClaessens FLaurent MDubois VBoonen SDeboel L & Vanderschueren D2012Androgen receptor (AR) in osteocytes is important for the maintenance of male skeletal integrity: evidence from targeted AR disruption in mouse osteocytes. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research272535\u20132543. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.1713)"},{"key":"bib185","series-title":"ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering","first-page":"324","article-title":"3D tissue engineered in vitro models of cancer in bone","volume":"4","author":"Sitarski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sitarski AMFairfield HFalank C & Reagan MR20183D tissue engineered in vitro models of cancer in bone. ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering4324\u2013336. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.7b00097)"},{"key":"bib186","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","first-page":"948","article-title":"Pamidronate to prevent bone loss during androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer","volume":"345","author":"Smith","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smith MRMcGovern FJZietman ALFallon MAHayden DLSchoenfeld DAKantoff PW & Finkelstein JS2001Pamidronate to prevent bone loss during androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. New England Journal of Medicine345948\u2013955. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa010845)"},{"key":"bib187","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","first-page":"1408","article-title":"Apalutamide treatment and metastasis-free survival in prostate cancer","volume":"378","author":"Smith","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smith MRSaad FChowdhury SOudard SHadaschik BAGraff JNOlmos DMainwaring PNLee JYUemura H, 2018Apalutamide treatment and metastasis-free survival in prostate cancer. New England Journal of Medicine3781408\u20131418. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1715546)"},{"key":"bib188","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"39","article-title":"Denosumab and bone-metastasis-free survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: results of a phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"379","author":"Smith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith MRSaad FColeman RShore NFizazi KTombal BMiller KSieber PKarsh LDami\u00e3o R, 2012Denosumab and bone-metastasis-free survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: results of a phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet37939\u201346. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736)"},{"key":"bib189","series-title":"CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians","first-page":"184","article-title":"Cancer screening in the United States, 2019: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening","volume":"69","author":"Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith RAAndrews KSBrooks DFedewa SAManassaram-Baptiste DSaslow D & Wender RC2019Cancer screening in the United States, 2019: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians69184\u2013210. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21557)"},{"key":"bib190","series-title":"Cancer Research","first-page":"8173","article-title":"Androgenic control of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 signaling in prostate epithelial cells through transcriptional suppression of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 receptor II","volume":"68","author":"Song","year":"2008","unstructured":"Song KWang HKrebs TLKim SJ & Danielpour D2008Androgenic control of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 signaling in prostate epithelial cells through transcriptional suppression of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 receptor II. Cancer Research688173\u20138182. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-2290)"},{"key":"bib191","series-title":"Cancer Research","first-page":"2151","article-title":"Tumor-induced pressure in the bone microenvironment causes osteocytes to promote the growth of prostate cancer bone metastases","volume":"75","author":"Sottnik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sottnik JLDai JZhang HCampbell B & Keller ET2015Tumor-induced pressure in the bone microenvironment causes osteocytes to promote the growth of prostate cancer bone metastases. Cancer Research752151\u20132158. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-2493)"},{"key":"bib192","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"269","article-title":"Direct measurement of local oxygen concentration in the bone marrow of live animals","volume":"508","author":"Spencer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spencer JAFerraro FRoussakis EKlein AWu JRunnels JMZaher WMortensen LJAlt CTurcotte R, 2014Direct measurement of local oxygen concentration in the bone marrow of live animals. Nature508269\u2013273. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature13034)"},{"key":"bib193","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism","first-page":"2787","article-title":"Bone loss in men with prostate cancer treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists","volume":"86","author":"Stoch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stoch SAParker RAChen LBubley GKo YJVincelette A & Greenspan SL2001Bone loss in men with prostate cancer treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism862787\u20132791. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.86.6.7558)"},{"key":"bib194","series-title":"Immunity","first-page":"977","article-title":"Maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell pool by CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine signaling in bone marrow stromal cell niches","volume":"25","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sugiyama TKohara HNoda M & Nagasawa T2006Maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell pool by CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine signaling in bone marrow stromal cell niches. Immunity25977\u2013988. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.10.016)"},{"key":"bib195","series-title":"JAMA Oncology","first-page":"500","article-title":"Comparison of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and orchiectomy: effects of androgen-deprivation therapy","volume":"2","author":"Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun MChoueiri TKHamnvik OPRPreston MADe Velasco GJiang WLoeb SNguyen PL & Trinh QD2016Comparison of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and orchiectomy: effects of androgen-deprivation therapy. JAMA Oncology2500\u2013507. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.4917)"},{"key":"bib196","series-title":"Endocrine-Related Cancer","first-page":"703","article-title":"Mechanisms of bone metastases of breast cancer","volume":"16","author":"Suva","year":"2009","unstructured":"Suva LJGriffin RJ & Makhoul I2009Mechanisms of bone metastases of breast cancer. Endocrine-Related Cancer16703\u2013713. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1677\/ERC-09-0012)"},{"key":"bib197","series-title":"Nature Reviews. Endocrinology","first-page":"208","article-title":"Bone metastasis: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"7","author":"Suva","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suva LJWasham CNicholas RW & Griffin RJ2011Bone metastasis: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Nature Reviews. Endocrinology7208\u2013218. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2010.227)"},{"key":"bib198","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","first-page":"737","article-title":"Chemohormonal therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer","volume":"373","author":"Sweeney","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sweeney CJChen YHCarducci MLiu GJarrard DFEisenberger MWong YNHahn NKohli MCooney MM, 2015Chemohormonal therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. New England Journal of Medicine373737\u2013746. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1503747)"},{"key":"bib199","series-title":"Science","first-page":"612","article-title":"Identification of splenic reservoir monocytes and their deployment to inflammatory sites","volume":"325","author":"Swirski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Swirski FKNahrendorf MEtzrodt MWildgruber MCortez-Retamozo VPanizzi PFigueiredo JLKohler RHChudnovskiy AWaterman P, 2009Identification of splenic reservoir monocytes and their deployment to inflammatory sites. Science325612\u2013616. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1175202)"},{"key":"bib200","series-title":"Development (Cambridge, England)","first-page":"703","article-title":"Morphogens, their identification and regulation","volume":"131","author":"Tabata","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tabata T & Takei Y2004Morphogens, their identification and regulation. Development (Cambridge, England)131703\u2013712. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.01043)"},{"key":"bib201","series-title":"Cancer Research","first-page":"1832","article-title":"Use of the stromal cell-derived factor-1\/CXCR4 pathway in prostate cancer metastasis to bone","volume":"62","author":"Taichman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Taichman RSCooper CKeller ETPienta KJTaichman NS & Mccauley LK2002Use of the stromal cell-derived factor-1\/CXCR4 pathway in prostate cancer metastasis to bone. Cancer Research621832\u20131837."},{"key":"bib202","series-title":"The American Journal of Anatomy","first-page":"467","article-title":"Morphological and physiological considerations in a new concept of calcium transport in bone","volume":"129","author":"Talmage","year":"1970","unstructured":"Talmage RV1970Morphological and physiological considerations in a new concept of calcium transport in bone. The American Journal of Anatomy129467\u2013476. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aja.1001290408)"},{"key":"bib203","series-title":"Journal of Materials Chemistry. B","first-page":"9718","article-title":"Material properties of disulfide-crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogels influence prostate cancer cell growth and metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Tam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tam NWChung DBaldwin SJSimmons JRXu LRainey JKDellaire G & Frampton JP2020Material properties of disulfide-crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogels influence prostate cancer cell growth and metabolism. Journal of Materials Chemistry. B89718\u20139733. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d0tb01570a)"},{"key":"bib204","series-title":"Cell Metabolism","first-page":"464","article-title":"Targeted ablation of osteocytes induces osteoporosis with defective mechanotransduction","volume":"5","author":"Tatsumi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tatsumi SIshii KAmizuka NLi MKobayashi TKohno KIto MTakeshita S & Ikeda K2007Targeted ablation of osteocytes induces osteoporosis with defective mechanotransduction. Cell Metabolism5464\u2013475. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.05.001)"},{"key":"bib205","series-title":"Acta Biomaterialia","first-page":"73","article-title":"3D extracellular matrix interactions modulate tumour cell growth, invasion and angiogenesis in engineered tumour microenvironments","volume":"36","author":"Taubenberger v.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taubenberger v. AVBray LJHaller BShaposhnykov ABinner MFreudenberg UGuck J & Werner C20163D extracellular matrix interactions modulate tumour cell growth, invasion and angiogenesis in engineered tumour microenvironments. Acta Biomaterialia3673\u201385. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.03.017)"},{"key":"bib206","series-title":"Prostate","first-page":"91","article-title":"LNCaP progression model of human prostate cancer: androgen-independence and osseous metastasis","volume":"44","author":"Thalmann","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thalmann GNSikes RAWu TTDegeorges AChang SMOzen MPathak S & Chung LW2000LNCaP progression model of human prostate cancer: androgen-independence and osseous metastasis. Prostate4491\u2013103. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0045)"},{"key":"bib207","series-title":"Prostate","first-page":"615","article-title":"Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) stimulated prostate cancer growth and metastasis and inhibited bone formation in osteoblastic bone metastases","volume":"71","author":"Thudi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thudi NKMartin CKMurahari SShu STLanigan LGWerbeck JLKeller ETMcCauley LKPinzone JJ & Rosol TJ2011Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) stimulated prostate cancer growth and metastasis and inhibited bone formation in osteoblastic bone metastases. Prostate71615\u2013625. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.21277)"},{"key":"bib208","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","first-page":"1138","article-title":"The effects of androgens on murine cortical bone do not require AR or ER\u03b1 signaling in osteoblasts and osteoclasts","volume":"30","author":"Ucer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ucer SIyer SBartell SMMartin-Millan MHan LKim HNWeinstein RSJilka RLO\u2019Brien CAAlmeida M, 2015The effects of androgens on murine cortical bone do not require AR or ER\u03b1 signaling in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research301138\u20131149. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.2485)"},{"key":"bib209","series-title":"Lancet Oncology","first-page":"243","article-title":"Addition of docetaxel or bisphosphonates to standard of care in men with localised or metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analyses of aggregate data","volume":"17","author":"Vale","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vale CLBurdett SRydzewska LHMAlbiges LClarke NWFisher DFizazi KGravis GJames NDMason MD, 2016Addition of docetaxel or bisphosphonates to standard of care in men with localised or metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analyses of aggregate data. Lancet Oncology17243\u2013256. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045)"},{"key":"bib210","series-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)","first-page":"1536","article-title":"Wnts talking with the TGF-\u03b2 superfamily: WISPers about modulation of osteoarthritis","volume":"55","author":"van den Bosch","year":"2016","unstructured":"van den Bosch MHGleissl TABlom ABvan den Berg WBvan Lent PL & van der Kraan PM2016Wnts talking with the TGF-\u03b2 superfamily: WISPers about modulation of osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford, England)551536\u20131547. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev402)"},{"key":"bib211","series-title":"Endocrine-Related Cancer","first-page":"663","article-title":"Emerging roles of chemokines in prostate cancer","volume":"16","author":"Vindrieux","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vindrieux DEscobar P & Lazennec G2009Emerging roles of chemokines in prostate cancer. Endocrine-Related Cancer16663\u2013673. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1677\/ERC-09-0109)"},{"key":"bib212","series-title":"Cancer Cell","first-page":"823","article-title":"The osteogenic niche is a calcium reservoir of bone micrometastases and confers unexpected therapeutic vulnerability","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2018a","unstructured":"Wang HTian LLiu JGoldstein ABado IZhang WArenkiel BRLi ZYang MDu S, 2018aThe osteogenic niche is a calcium reservoir of bone micrometastases and confers unexpected therapeutic vulnerability. Cancer Cell34823\u2013839.e7. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.10.002)"},{"key":"bib213","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","article-title":"Characterization of a bone biorepository: comparison of bone metastases from breast, prostate, renal, lung cancers, and myeloma","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2018b","unstructured":"Wang KRAbraham JAMcCue PSchiewer MJBussard KMFatatis ALanguino LLeiby BO\u2019Neill RLi J, 2018bCharacterization of a bone biorepository: comparison of bone metastases from breast, prostate, renal, lung cancers, and myeloma. Journal of Clinical Oncology36 e24019. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.e24019)"},{"key":"bib214","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research","first-page":"2688","article-title":"Prostate cancer cells preferentially home to osteoblast-rich areas in the early stages of bone metastasis: evidence from in vivo models","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang NDocherty FEBrown HKReeves KJFowles ACMOttewell PDDear TNHolen ICroucher PI & Eaton CL2014Prostate cancer cells preferentially home to osteoblast-rich areas in the early stages of bone metastasis: evidence from in vivo models. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research292688\u20132696. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.2300)"},{"key":"bib215","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e35101","article-title":"CCL5 and CCR5 interaction promotes cell motility in human osteosarcoma","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang SWWu HHLiu SCWang PCOu WCChou WYShen YS & Tang CH2012CCL5 and CCR5 interaction promotes cell motility in human osteosarcoma. PLoS One7e35101. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0035101)"},{"key":"bib216","series-title":"Current Cancer Drug Targets","first-page":"591","article-title":"Cross-talk between the androgen receptor and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt pathway in prostate cancer","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang YKreisberg JI & Ghosh PM2007Cross-talk between the androgen receptor and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt pathway in prostate cancer. Current Cancer Drug Targets7591\u2013604. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/156800907781662248)"},{"key":"bib217","series-title":"Nature Reviews. Cancer","first-page":"411","article-title":"Cancer to bone: a fatal attraction","volume":"11","author":"Weilbaecher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weilbaecher KNGuise TA & McCauley LK2011Cancer to bone: a fatal attraction. Nature Reviews. Cancer11411\u2013425. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrc3055)"},{"key":"bib218","series-title":"Journal of Vascular Research","first-page":"120","article-title":"BMP-2 gene expression and effects on human vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"36","author":"Willette","year":"1999","unstructured":"Willette RNGu JLLysko PGAnderson KMMinehart H & Yue T-L1999BMP-2 gene expression and effects on human vascular smooth muscle cells. Journal of Vascular Research36120\u2013125. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000025634)"},{"key":"bib219","series-title":"Scientific Reports","first-page":"32611","article-title":"Refinement of the androgen response element based on ChIP-Seq in androgen-insensitive and androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell lines","volume":"6","author":"Wilson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wilson SQi J & Filipp v FV2016Refinement of the androgen response element based on ChIP-Seq in androgen-insensitive and androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell lines. Scientific Reports632611. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep32611)"},{"key":"bib220","series-title":"PNAS","first-page":"2294","article-title":"Estrogen receptor-\u03b1 in osteocytes is important for trabecular bone formation in male mice","volume":"110","author":"Windahl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Windahl SHB\u00f6rjesson AEFarman HHEngdahl CMov\u00e9rare-Skrtic SSj\u00f6grena KLagerquist MKKindblom JMKoskela ATuukkanen J, 2013Estrogen receptor-\u03b1 in osteocytes is important for trabecular bone formation in male mice. PNAS1102294\u20132299. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1220811110)"},{"key":"bib221","series-title":"Endocrinology","first-page":"2291","article-title":"Transcriptional up-regulation of the human androgen receptor by androgen in bone cells","volume":"138","author":"Wiren","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wiren KMZhang XChang CKeenan E & Orwoll ES1997Transcriptional up-regulation of the human androgen receptor by androgen in bone cells. Endocrinology1382291\u20132300. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endo.138.6.5163)"},{"key":"bib222","series-title":"European Urology","first-page":"482","article-title":"Prevention of bone metastases in patients with high-risk nonmetastatic prostate cancer treated with zoledronic acid: efficacy and safety results of the Zometa European study (ZEUS","volume":"67","author":"Wirth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wirth MTammela TCicalese VGomez Veiga FDelaere KMiller KTubaro ASchulze MDebruyne FHuland H, 2015Prevention of bone metastases in patients with high-risk nonmetastatic prostate cancer treated with zoledronic acid: efficacy and safety results of the Zometa European study (ZEUS) European Urology67482\u2013491. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.02.014)"},{"key":"bib223","series-title":"Endocrinology","first-page":"969","article-title":"Enzalutamide reduces the bone mass in the axial but not the appendicular skeleton in male mice","volume":"157","author":"Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu JMov\u00e9rare-Skrtic SB\u00f6rjesson AELagerquist MKSj\u00f6gren KWindahl SHKoskela AGrahnemo LIslander UWilhelmson AS, 2016Enzalutamide reduces the bone mass in the axial but not the appendicular skeleton in male mice. Endocrinology157969\u2013977. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2015-1566)"},{"key":"bib224","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"119311","article-title":"3D porous chitosan-alginate scaffold stiffness promotes differential responses in prostate cancer cell lines","volume":"217","author":"Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu KGanapathy KAndl TWang ZCopland JAChakrabarti R & Florczyk SJ20193D porous chitosan-alginate scaffold stiffness promotes differential responses in prostate cancer cell lines. Biomaterials217119311. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119311)"},{"key":"bib225","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"120126","article-title":"3D porous chitosan-chondroitin sulfate scaffolds promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells","volume":"254","author":"Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu KWang ZCopland JAChakrabarti R & Florczyk SJ20203D porous chitosan-chondroitin sulfate scaffolds promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells. Biomaterials254120126. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120126)"},{"key":"bib226","series-title":"Clinical Cancer Research","first-page":"4474","article-title":"The chemokine CCL5 as a potential prognostic factor predicting disease progression in stage II breast cancer patients","volume":"12","author":"Yaal-Hahoshen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yaal-Hahoshen NShina SLeider-Trejo LBarnea IShabtai ELAzenshtein EGreenberg IKeydar I & Ben-Baruch A2006The chemokine CCL5 as a potential prognostic factor predicting disease progression in stage II breast cancer patients. Clinical Cancer Research124474\u20134480. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-0074)"},{"key":"bib227","series-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism","first-page":"1674","article-title":"Glucocorticoid excess in mice results in early activation of osteoclastogenesis and adipogenesis and prolonged suppression of osteogenesis: a longitudinal study of gene expression in bone tissue from glucocorticoid-treated mice","volume":"58","author":"Yao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yao WCheng ZBusse CPham ANakamura MC & Lane NE2008Glucocorticoid excess in mice results in early activation of osteoclastogenesis and adipogenesis and prolonged suppression of osteogenesis: a longitudinal study of gene expression in bone tissue from glucocorticoid-treated mice. Arthritis and Rheumatism581674\u20131686. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.23454)"},{"key":"bib228","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"279","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and osteocyte autophagy","volume":"54","author":"Yao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yao WDai WJiang JX & Lane NE2013Glucocorticoids and osteocyte autophagy. Bone54279\u2013284. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2013.01.034)"},{"key":"bib229","series-title":"PNAS","first-page":"13498","article-title":"Generation and characterization of androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice: an in vivo model for the study of androgen functions in selective tissues","volume":"99","author":"Yeh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yeh STsai M-YXu QMu X-MLardy HHuang K-ELin HYeh S-DAltuwaijri SZhou X, 2002Generation and characterization of androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice: an in vivo model for the study of androgen functions in selective tissues. PNAS9913498\u201313503. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.212474399)"},{"key":"bib230","series-title":"Cancer Research","first-page":"917","article-title":"Tumor-derived platelet-derived growth factor-BB plays a critical role in osteosclerotic bone metastasis in an animal model of human breast cancer","volume":"62","author":"Yi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yi BWilliams PJNiewolna MWang Y & Yoneda T2002Tumor-derived platelet-derived growth factor-BB plays a critical role in osteosclerotic bone metastasis in an animal model of human breast cancer. Cancer Research62917\u2013923."},{"key":"bib231","series-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","first-page":"10954","article-title":"A causal role for endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of osteoblastic bone metastases","volume":"100","author":"Yin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yin JJMohammad KSK\u00e4k\u00f6nen SMHarris SWu-Wong JRWessale JLPadley RJGarrett IRChirgwin JM & Guise TA2003A causal role for endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of osteoblastic bone metastases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America10010954\u201310959. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1830978100)"},{"key":"bib232","series-title":"Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery","first-page":"1011","article-title":"Development of TGF-beta signalling inhibitors for cancer therapy","volume":"3","author":"Yingling","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yingling JMBlanchard KL & Sawyer JS2004Development of TGF-beta signalling inhibitors for cancer therapy. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery31011\u20131022. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrd1580)"},{"key":"bib233","series-title":"Cancer Research","first-page":"2911","article-title":"Osteoblast-secreted factors mediate dormancy of metastatic prostate cancer in the bone via activation of the TGFbRIII\u2013p38MAPK\u2013pS249\/ T252RB pathway","volume":"78","author":"Yu-Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu-Lee LYYu GLee YCLin SCPan JPan TYu KJLiu BCreighton CJRodriguez-Canales J, 2018Osteoblast-secreted factors mediate dormancy of metastatic prostate cancer in the bone via activation of the TGFbRIII\u2013p38MAPK\u2013pS249\/ T252RB pathway. Cancer Research782911\u20132924. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-1051)"},{"key":"bib234","series-title":"Oncogene","first-page":"2464","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein inhibits DKK1 expression through c-Jun-mediated inhibition of \u03b2-catenin activation of the DKK1 promoter in prostate cancer","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang HYu CDai JKeller JMHua ASottnik JLShelley GHall CLPark SIYao Z, 2014Parathyroid hormone-related protein inhibits DKK1 expression through c-Jun-mediated inhibition of \u03b2-catenin activation of the DKK1 promoter in prostate cancer. Oncogene332464\u20132477. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/onc.2013.203)"},{"key":"bib235","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"836","article-title":"Identification of the haematopoietic stem cell niche and control of the niche size","volume":"425","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhang JNiu CYe LHuang HHe XTong WGRoss JHaug JJohnson TFeng JQ, 2003Identification of the haematopoietic stem cell niche and control of the niche size. Nature425836\u2013841. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature02041)"},{"key":"bib236","series-title":"eLife","first-page":"e66275","article-title":"A bone-specific adipogenesis pathway in fat-free mice defines key origins and adaptations of bone marrow adipocytes with age and disease","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2021a","unstructured":"Zhang XRobles HMagee KLLorenz MRWang ZHarris CACraft CS & Scheller EL2021aA bone-specific adipogenesis pathway in fat-free mice defines key origins and adaptations of bone marrow adipocytes with age and disease. eLife10e66275. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.66275)"},{"key":"bib237","series-title":"Cell","first-page":"2471","article-title":"The bone microenvironment invigorates metastatic seeds for further dissemination","volume":"184","author":"Zhang","year":"2021b","unstructured":"Zhang WBado ILHu JWan YWWu LWang HGao YJeong HHXu ZHao X, 2021bThe bone microenvironment invigorates metastatic seeds for further dissemination. Cell1842471\u20132486. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2021.03.011)"}],"container-title":["Endocrine-Related Cancer"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/erc.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/erc\/30\/9\/ERC-22-0360.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/erc.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/erc\/30\/9\/ERC-22-0360.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/erc.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/erc\/30\/9\/ERC-22-0360.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:56:27Z","timestamp":1784555787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/erc\/article\/25888"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"references-count":236,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/erc-22-0360","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0088","1479-6821"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0088","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-6821","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]}}}