{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:20:47Z","timestamp":1784557247201,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["erc.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A common immune-related adverse event (irAE) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is thyroid dysfunction (TD-irAEs). The clinical presentation can be varied, and its association with prognosis remains unclear. We investigated the characteristics of TD-irAEs and their association with clinical outcomes among cancer patients treated with ICIs in a real-life setting. Response to treatment was assessed using RECIST v1.1. We calculated the probability of recurrence and survival associated with TD-irAEs using multivariable-adjusted regression and Cox proportional hazards models. In this single-center retrospective analysis, we included 238 patients (72% male) with a median age of 69.5 years. Primary tumors were melanoma (23.1%), lung (60.5%), or urothelial cancer (16.4%), treated with atezolizumab (23.1%), pembrolizumab (44.5%), ipilimumab (0.4%), and\/or nivolumab (25.6%). Seventy (29%) patients developed TD-irAEs in a median time of 69 days (41\u2013181). The incidence of TD-irAEs with combination therapy was higher than with monotherapy (67% vs 6.3%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.011). TD-irAE patients showed a higher objective response rate (ORR) than those without TD-irAEs (60% vs 42.3%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.013) and longer overall survival (OS) 45 vs 16 months,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.006. Patients who developed TD-irAEs had a relative reduction of 77% (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.11\u20130.47) in the risk of progression and of 47% in the risk of mortality (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.36\u20130.80), independent of age, sex, primary tumor, or ICI regimen. TD-irAEs occur in nearly 30% of our patients receiving ICIs. In our analysis, TD-irAEs appeared to be associated with higher ORR and longer OS and showed a reduction in the risk of progression and mortality.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/erc-24-0064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T06:51:28Z","timestamp":1721803888000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Thyroid dysfunction caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors improves cancer outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2320-6066","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marta","family":"Garc\u00eda-Go\u00f1i","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"V\u00e1zquez Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel F","family":"Sanmamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Mart\u00edn-Algarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"IdiSNA (Instituto de investigaci\u00f3n en la Salud de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Luis P\u00e9rez-Gracia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"IdiSNA (Instituto de investigaci\u00f3n en la Salud de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Olmedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Chumbiauca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nerea","family":"Mart\u00edn-Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IdiSNA (Instituto de investigaci\u00f3n en la Salud de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y la Nutrici\u00f3n, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0227-3566","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan C","family":"Galofr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Autoimmunity Reviews","first-page":"174","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disorders","volume":"14","author":"Antonelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Antonelli AFerrari SMCorrado ADi Domenicantonio A & Fallahi P2015Autoimmune thyroid disorders. 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