{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T01:51:58Z","timestamp":1792547518398,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["erc.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (MPP) currently lack definitive curative therapies. The treatment of MPP presents a formidable challenge. Anlotinib hydrochloride, characterized as a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, has demonstrated potential in this domain. This study, a phase 2 trial (NCT04860700), aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of anlotinib hydrochloride in patients suffering from MPP. The primary objective was to determine the disease control rate (DCR) and objective response rate (ORR) as determined by the RECIST 1.1 criteria. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the biochemical response, progression-free survival (PFS), and safety. Twenty-nine patients with MPP were enrolled. We found that 24.1% (7\/29) of patients discontinued the treatment after 1\u20132 cycles because of a significant increase in hormone levels or adverse events. Among 22 patients who could be evaluated by the RECIST 1.1 criteria, the overall DCR was 95.5% (21\/22), and the ORR was 31.8% (7\/22). The PFS was calculated to be 22.6 \u00b1 3.2 months. There is no significant difference in ORR or PFS between patients with and without germline mutations. The most common adverse events included arterial hypertension (24\/29, 82.8%), subclinical primary hypothyroidism (11\/29, 37.9%), hyperlipidemia (10\/29, 34.5%), rash (8\/29, 27.6%), and fatigue (8\/29, 27.6%). We conclude that among the evaluable patients, anlotinib showed promising efficacy with high DCR. Close monitoring remains essential because of treatment-related adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/erc-24-0266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T12:22:43Z","timestamp":1764678163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A study on the efficacy and safety of anlotinib in patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yunying","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7363-5216","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tianyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3796-8440","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruizhi","family":"Jiajue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanze","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijia","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9314-7540","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anli","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"e1937","article-title":"Metastatic pheochromocytomas and abdominal paragangliomas","volume":"106","author":"Granberg D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Granberg D\n, \nJuhlin CC\n & \nFalhammar H\n\n. Metastatic pheochromocytomas and abdominal paragangliomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 106 e1937\u2013e1952. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa982)"},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"1915","article-title":"Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"99","author":"Lenders JW","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lenders JW\n, \nDuh QY\n, \nEisenhofer G\n, et al.\n Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014 99 1915\u20131942. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2014-1498)"},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"4006","article-title":"One-year progression-free survival of therapy-naive patients with malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma","volume":"98","author":"Hescot S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hescot S\n, \nLeboulleux S\n, \nAmar L\n, et al.\n One-year progression-free survival of therapy-naive patients with malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013 98 4006\u20134012. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2013-1907)"},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"755","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with metastatic pheochromocytomas\/paragangliomas","volume":"108","author":"Zhou Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou Y\n, \nCui Y\n, \nZhang D\n, et al.\n Efficacy and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with metastatic pheochromocytomas\/paragangliomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023 108 755\u2013766. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgac657)"},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"J Endocrinological Invest","first-page":"3039","article-title":"A novel strategy for predicting the efficacy of temozolomide treatment for metastatic pheochromocytomas\/paragangliomas","volume":"47","author":"Cui Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cui Y\n, \nGao Y\n, \nZhou Y\n, et al.\n A novel strategy for predicting the efficacy of temozolomide treatment for metastatic pheochromocytomas\/paragangliomas. J Endocrinological Invest 2024 47 3039\u20133048. 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(https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-20-3703)"},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol","first-page":"718","article-title":"\u2018Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in the management of advanced pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis\u2019","volume":"91","author":"Satapathy S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Satapathy S\n, \nMittal BR\n & \nBhansali A\n\n. \u2018Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in the management of advanced pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis\u2019. Clin Endocrinol 2019 91 718\u2013727. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.14106)"},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol","first-page":"642","article-title":"Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and dacarbazine for malignant paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Niemeijer ND","year":"2014","unstructured":"Niemeijer ND\n, \nAlblas G\n, \nvan Hulsteijn LT\n, et al.\n Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and dacarbazine for malignant paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol 2014 81 642\u2013651. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.12542)"},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol","first-page":"487","article-title":"(131)I-MIBG therapy for malignant paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"van Hulsteijn LT","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Hulsteijn LT\n, \nNiemeijer ND\n, \nDekkers OM\n, et al.\n (131)I-MIBG therapy for malignant paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol 2014 80 487\u2013501. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.12341)"},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"172","article-title":"Impact of surgical resection of the primary tumor on overall survival in patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma or sympathetic paraganglioma","volume":"268","author":"Roman-Gonzalez A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roman-Gonzalez A\n, \nZhou S\n, \nAyala-Ramirez M\n, et al.\n Impact of surgical resection of the primary tumor on overall survival in patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma or sympathetic paraganglioma. Ann Surg 2018 268 172\u2013178. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/sla.0000000000002195)"},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Endocr Rev","first-page":"199","article-title":"Personalized management of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma","volume":"43","author":"N\u00f6lting S","year":"2022","unstructured":"N\u00f6lting S\n, \nBechmann N\n, \nTaieb D\n, et al.\n Personalized management of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Endocr Rev 2022 43 199\u2013239. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnab019)"},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Cancer Cell","first-page":"181","article-title":"Comprehensive molecular characterization of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma","volume":"31","author":"Fishbein L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fishbein L\n, \nLeshchiner I\n, \nWalter V\n, et al.\n Comprehensive molecular characterization of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Cancer Cell 2017 31 181\u2013193. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.01.001)"},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"1450","article-title":"Genetics of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas determine the therapeutical approach","volume":"23","author":"Sarkadi B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarkadi B\n, \nSaskoi E\n, \nButz H\n, et al.\n Genetics of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas determine the therapeutical approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022 23 1450. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23031450)"},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Front Endocrinol","article-title":"Mutational profile and potential molecular therapeutic targets of pheochromocytoma","volume":"13","author":"Ma X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma X\n, \nLing C\n, \nZhao M\n, et al.\n Mutational profile and potential molecular therapeutic targets of pheochromocytoma. Front Endocrinol 2022 13 921645. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.921645)"},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw","first-page":"839","article-title":"Neuroendocrine and adrenal tumors, version 2.2021, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"19","author":"Shah MH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shah MH\n, \nGoldner WS\n, \nBenson AB\n, et al.\n Neuroendocrine and adrenal tumors, version 2.2021, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2021 19 839\u2013868. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2021.0032)"},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Sunitinib for metastatic progressive phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas: results from FIRSTMAPPP, an academic, multicentre, international, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 2 trial","volume":"403","author":"Baudin E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baudin E\n, \nGoichot B\n, \nBerruti A\n, et al.\n Sunitinib for metastatic progressive phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas: results from FIRSTMAPPP, an academic, multicentre, international, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 2 trial. Lancet 2024 403 1061\u20131070. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)02554-0)"},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"Sci Rep","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of benmelstobart and anlotinib plus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer in China","volume":"15","author":"Yan C","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yan C\n, \nLi Z\n, \nLi J\n, et al.\n Cost-effectiveness of benmelstobart and anlotinib plus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer in China. Sci Rep 2025 15 10147. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-91540-9)"},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Front Pharmacol","article-title":"Efficacy and safety evaluations of anlotinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with bevacizumab","volume":"13","author":"Jiang F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang F\n, \nLi J\n, \nKong X\n, et al.\n Efficacy and safety evaluations of anlotinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with bevacizumab. Front Pharmacol 2022 13 973448. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.973448)"},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"Clin Cancer Res","first-page":"4310","article-title":"First-line anlotinib treatment for soft-tissue sarcoma in chemotherapy-ineligible patients: an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 clinical trial","volume":"30","author":"Li T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li T\n, \nDong Y\n, \nWei Y\n, et al.\n First-line anlotinib treatment for soft-tissue sarcoma in chemotherapy-ineligible patients: an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 clinical trial. Clin Cancer Res 2024 30 4310\u20134317. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-23-3983)"},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"Oncologist","first-page":"e1693","article-title":"Anlotinib monotherapy for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized phase III trial (ALTER0703)","volume":"26","author":"Chi Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chi Y\n, \nShu Y\n, \nBa Y\n, et al.\n Anlotinib monotherapy for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized phase III trial (ALTER0703). Oncologist 2021 26 e1693\u2013e1703. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/onco.13857)"},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"J Cancer","first-page":"2092","article-title":"Anlotinib suppresses metastasis and multidrug resistance via dual blockade of MET\/ABCB1 in colorectal carcinoma cells","volume":"12","author":"Yan LH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan LH\n, \nZhang D\n, \nMo SS\n, et al.\n Anlotinib suppresses metastasis and multidrug resistance via dual blockade of MET\/ABCB1 in colorectal carcinoma cells. J Cancer 2021 12 2092\u20132104. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/jca.45618)"},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"Oncol Lett","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Anlotinib as a molecular targeted therapy for tumors","volume":"20","author":"Gao Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gao Y\n, \nLiu P\n & \nShi R\n\n. Anlotinib as a molecular targeted therapy for tumors. Oncol Lett 2020 20 1001\u20131014. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ol.2020.11685)"},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"J Endocr Soc","article-title":"Anlotinib for metastatic progressed pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a retrospective study of real-world data","volume":"8","author":"Tian R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tian R\n, \nYao X\n, \nSong J\n, et al.\n Anlotinib for metastatic progressed pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a retrospective study of real-world data. J Endocr Soc 2024 8 bvae061. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvae061)"},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"J Endocr Soc","article-title":"A targetable receptor tyrosine kinase in metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a future journey for anlotinib?","volume":"8","author":"Alkaissi H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alkaissi H\n & \nPacak K\n\n. A targetable receptor tyrosine kinase in metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a future journey for anlotinib? J Endocr Soc 2024 8 bvae092. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvae092)"},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"Arch Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"90","article-title":"Sunitinib in the therapy of malignant paragangliomas: report on the efficacy in a SDHB mutation carrier and review of the literature","volume":"61","author":"Canu L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Canu L\n, \nPradella S\n, \nRapizzi E\n, et al.\n Sunitinib in the therapy of malignant paragangliomas: report on the efficacy in a SDHB mutation carrier and review of the literature. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2017 61 90\u201397. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/2359-3997000000217)"},{"key":"bib26","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"4040","article-title":"Treatment with sunitinib for patients with progressive metastatic pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas","volume":"97","author":"Ayala-Ramirez M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ayala-Ramirez M\n, \nChougnet CN\n, \nHabra MA\n, et al.\n Treatment with sunitinib for patients with progressive metastatic pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012 97 4040\u20134050. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2012-2356)"},{"key":"bib1","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"e1937","article-title":"Metastatic pheochromocytomas and abdominal paragangliomas","volume":"106","author":"Granberg D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Granberg D\n, \nJuhlin CC\n & \nFalhammar H\n\n. Metastatic pheochromocytomas and abdominal paragangliomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 106 e1937\u2013e1952. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa982)"},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"1915","article-title":"Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"99","author":"Lenders JW","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lenders JW\n, \nDuh QY\n, \nEisenhofer G\n, et al.\n Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014 99 1915\u20131942. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2014-1498)"},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"4006","article-title":"One-year progression-free survival of therapy-naive patients with malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma","volume":"98","author":"Hescot S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hescot S\n, \nLeboulleux S\n, \nAmar L\n, et al.\n One-year progression-free survival of therapy-naive patients with malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013 98 4006\u20134012. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2013-1907)"},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"755","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with metastatic pheochromocytomas\/paragangliomas","volume":"108","author":"Zhou Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou Y\n, \nCui Y\n, \nZhang D\n, et al.\n Efficacy and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with metastatic pheochromocytomas\/paragangliomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023 108 755\u2013766. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgac657)"},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"J Endocrinological Invest","first-page":"3039","article-title":"A novel strategy for predicting the efficacy of temozolomide treatment for metastatic pheochromocytomas\/paragangliomas","volume":"47","author":"Cui Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cui Y\n, \nGao Y\n, \nZhou Y\n, et al.\n A novel strategy for predicting the efficacy of temozolomide treatment for metastatic pheochromocytomas\/paragangliomas. J Endocrinological Invest 2024 47 3039\u20133048. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-024-02398-z)"},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Clin Cancer Res","first-page":"2989","article-title":"High-Specific-Activity-(131)I-MIBG versus (177)Lu-DOTATATE targeted radionuclide therapy for metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma","volume":"27","author":"Jha A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jha A\n, \nTa\u00efeb D\n, \nCarrasquillo JA\n, et al.\n High-Specific-Activity-(131)I-MIBG versus (177)Lu-DOTATATE targeted radionuclide therapy for metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Clin Cancer Res 2021 27 2989\u20132995. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-20-3703)"},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol","first-page":"718","article-title":"\u2018Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in the management of advanced pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis\u2019","volume":"91","author":"Satapathy S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Satapathy S\n, \nMittal BR\n & \nBhansali A\n\n. \u2018Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in the management of advanced pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis\u2019. Clin Endocrinol 2019 91 718\u2013727. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.14106)"},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol","first-page":"642","article-title":"Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and dacarbazine for malignant paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Niemeijer ND","year":"2014","unstructured":"Niemeijer ND\n, \nAlblas G\n, \nvan Hulsteijn LT\n, et al.\n Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and dacarbazine for malignant paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol 2014 81 642\u2013651. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.12542)"},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol","first-page":"487","article-title":"(131)I-MIBG therapy for malignant paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"van Hulsteijn LT","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Hulsteijn LT\n, \nNiemeijer ND\n, \nDekkers OM\n, et al.\n (131)I-MIBG therapy for malignant paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol 2014 80 487\u2013501. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.12341)"},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"172","article-title":"Impact of surgical resection of the primary tumor on overall survival in patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma or sympathetic paraganglioma","volume":"268","author":"Roman-Gonzalez A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roman-Gonzalez A\n, \nZhou S\n, \nAyala-Ramirez M\n, et al.\n Impact of surgical resection of the primary tumor on overall survival in patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma or sympathetic paraganglioma. Ann Surg 2018 268 172\u2013178. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/sla.0000000000002195)"},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Endocr Rev","first-page":"199","article-title":"Personalized management of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma","volume":"43","author":"N\u00f6lting S","year":"2022","unstructured":"N\u00f6lting S\n, \nBechmann N\n, \nTaieb D\n, et al.\n Personalized management of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Endocr Rev 2022 43 199\u2013239. 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