{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:02:12Z","timestamp":1789495332354,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MammaPrint\u00ae refines risk stratification in early oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, evolving from a binary to a four-tier classification (UltraLow-Risk, Low-Risk, High-Risk 1, and High-Risk 2). The relationship between routine histopathological features, immune infiltration, and genomic risk within this framework remains incompletely characterized in luminal disease. We retrospectively analysed 492 luminal breast carcinomas with available MammaPrint\u00ae results. Clinicopathological variables (including histological subtype, grade, Ki-67, hormone receptor expression, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and HER2-low status) were recorded. Stromal tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were quantified according to the criteria of Salgado et al. and spatially categorized as immune-deserted, stromal-restricted, immune-excluded, or inflamed patterns. CD4 and CD8 infiltration was assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. Associations with binary and four-tier MammaPrint\u00ae categories were examined using multivariable models. High-Risk tumours (41%) were enriched for increased grade, Ki-67, and LVI and lower PR expression. In High-Risk tumours, inflamed spatial patterns were more frequent and median TIL levels were significantly higher compared with Low-Risk tumours (15% vs 5%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). CD4 and CD8 infiltration increased with genomic risk, and CD4 retained a modest but statistically significant association after adjustment for conventional pathological variables. In the four-tier model, UltraLow-Risk\/Low-Risk tumours showed minimal TILs and were enriched for invasive lobular carcinoma, whereas High-Risk 1\/High-Risk 2 tumours displayed progressively higher proliferative and immune features. No association was observed between HER2-low status and genomic risk. Immune infiltration parallels proliferative and genomic risk gradients in luminal breast cancer. These findings indicate that immune descriptors align with the genomic risk continuum, although their independent prognostic contribution beyond established genomic assays requires further evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/erc-26-0116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T20:50:51Z","timestamp":1787604651000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes differ across MammaPrint\u00ae classifications in breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Ari\u00f1o-Palao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital 1 , ,","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Alcal\u00e1 University 2 , ,","place":["Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1986-2965","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Irene","family":"Carretero-Barrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS) 3 , ,","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research in Cancer Networks (CIBERONC), Carlos III Health Institute 4 , ,","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Martos-Mel\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS) 5 , ,","place":["Madrid, 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