{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:11:50Z","timestamp":1789049510207,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pituitary tumours (PiTs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases of the anterior pituitary gland. While they are often described as rare diseases, the actual prevalence of these tumours is higher than commonly believed, accounting for at least 15% of all intracranial tumours. Yet, the high heterogeneity of the different PiTs (intra- and inter-patient heterogeneity), rooted in part in the intrinsic cellular diversity of the normal pituitary gland itself, has significantly limited the understanding of the biological mechanisms linked to their development, progression and aggressive behaviour. Like other cancer types, understanding the tumour microenvironment (TME) might help to better understand the pathophysiology of PiT cells beyond genetics, epigenetics, transcriptomics and proteomics and could constitute a personalized approach to dealing with these complex and heterogeneous endocrine-related tumours and to developing novel diagnostic, prognostic and future therapeutic tools. Importantly, the concept of TME relies on the notion that tumours are more than a group of tumour cells, but rather a heterogeneous mixture of tumour and non-tumour cells interacting with local components (growth factors, cytokines, etc.) within a remodelled tumour extracellular matrix (ECM). In this review, we will focus on describing the latest research on this complex TME\u2013PiTs architecture network, which could bring a new era in diagnosing and treating these heterogeneous and complex endocrine-related cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/erc-26-0262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:44:10Z","timestamp":1787751850000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emerging insights into the pathophysiology of pituitary tumour microenvironment"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2069-4823","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonio C","family":"Fuentes-Fayos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba 1 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]},{"name":"Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC) 2 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]},{"name":"Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS) 3 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1313-820X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Gil-Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba 1 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]},{"name":"Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC) 2 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]},{"name":"Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS) 3 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana S","family":"De la Rosa-Herencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba 1 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]},{"name":"Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC) 2 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]},{"name":"Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS) 3 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Sarmento-Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba 1 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]},{"name":"Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC) 2 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]},{"name":"Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS) 3 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Flores-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba 1 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]},{"name":"Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC) 2 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]},{"name":"Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS) 3 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Gesti\u00f3n de Endocrinolog\u00eda y Nutrici\u00f3n, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo\/CSIC\/Universidad de Sevilla 4 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio J","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba 1 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]},{"name":"Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC) 2 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]},{"name":"Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS) 3 , ,","place":["Cordoba, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) 5 , ,","place":["Cordoba, 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