{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:23:15Z","timestamp":1788268995281,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a rare and aggressive variant of prostate cancer (PC) that can be de novo (d-NEPC) or transform from prior prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) as treatment-emergent NEPC (t-NEPC). This study aimed to study the clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS) of NEPC using data from the SEER and NCRAS registries and to compare OS of d-NEPC and t-NEPC. A total of 1,465 patients with NEPC were extracted from SEER (n = 990, 2010\u20132022) and NCRAS (n = 475, 2010\u20132021). Patients were classified as t-NEPC if preceded by a documented PCa. The primary outcome was OS measured from the date of NEPC diagnosis. Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis, the log-rank test, and Cox regression were performed for SEER, NCRAS, and pooled cohorts. t-NEPC represented 9.9% in NCRAS and 15.2% in SEER. Small cell carcinoma was the most common subtype (80.2% NCRAS, 74.7% SEER). Median time to transformation was 4.63 years in NCRAS and 5 years in SEER. In the pooled cohort, median OS was 9 months for d-NEPC and 7 months for t-NEPC (log-rank P &amp;lt; 0.001). The 60-month OS was 7.9% for d-NEPC and 4.0% for t-NEPC. In the pooled multivariable Cox regression, t-NEPC was independently associated with worse OS (aHR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11\u20131.53, P = 0.001). Data source was not associated with OS (aHR: 1.08, P = 0.206), indicating comparable OS between the USA and England. In this bi-national, population-based study, t-NEPC was associated with worse OS than d-NEPC. OS for NEPC was comparable between the USA and England. These findings support distinguishing d-NEPC from t-NEPC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/erc-26-0268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:11:35Z","timestamp":1786363895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiology and overall survival of\n                    <i>de novo<\/i>\n                    and transformed neuroendocrine prostate cancer: a two-nation population-based study of 1,465 patients from the United States and England"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sunyoung","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 1 , ,","place":["Basingstoke, United 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Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Paisey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 1 , ,","place":["Basingstoke, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Abdelhameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 1 , ,","place":["Basingstoke, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Rous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 3 , ,","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4824-6600","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John","family":"Ramage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 1 , ,","place":["Basingstoke, United 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