{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:24:33Z","timestamp":1790713473248,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["erp.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Heart failure (HF) is a debilitating and life-threatening condition, with 5-year survival rate lower than breast or prostate cancer. It is the leading cause of hospital admission in over 65s, and these admissions are projected to rise by more than 50% over the next 25 years. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the first-line step in diagnosis in acute and chronic HF and provides immediate information on chamber volumes, ventricular systolic and diastolic function, wall thickness, valve function and the presence of pericardial effusion, while contributing to information on aetiology. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the third most common cause of HF and is the most common cardiomyopathy. It is defined by the presence of left ventricular dilatation and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in the absence of abnormal loading conditions (hypertension and valve disease) or coronary artery disease sufficient to cause global systolic impairment. This document provides a practical approach to diagnosis and assessment of dilated cardiomyopathy that is aimed at the practising sonographer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/erp-16-0037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,8]],"date-time":"2017-06-08T00:10:17Z","timestamp":1496880617000},"page":"G1-G13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Diagnosis and assessment of dilated cardiomyopathy: a guideline protocol from the British Society of Echocardiography"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Mathew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Govardhan","family":"Navaratnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Harkness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"O'Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Oxborough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam","family":"Ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Stout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P","family":"Steeds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"_","family":"_","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.082271","article-title":"Isolated ventricular non-compaction of the myocardium in adults","volume":"93","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"865","article-title":"Prognostic value of left atrial volume in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"32","year":"2013","journal-title":"Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00337-4","article-title":"Right ventricular ejection fraction is an independent predictor of survival in patients with moderate heart failure","volume":"32","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.15.1867","article-title":"Incidence, causes, and outcomes of dilated cardiomyopathy in children","volume":"296","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.12.024","article-title":"Left ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary artery stroke distances independently predict heart failure hospitalization and mortality: the Heart and Soul Study","volume":"24","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of American Society of Echocardiography"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00624-9","article-title":"Usefulness of echocardiographic determined tricuspid regurgitation in predicting event-free survival in severe heart failure secondary to idiopathic-dilated cardiomyopathy or to ischemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"82","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"ref451","first-page":"93","article-title":"Collaborative research group of the European human and capital mobility project on familial dilated cardiomyopathy. 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