{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:17:35Z","timestamp":1790252255246,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["etj.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proper thyroid hormone signaling via the TR\u03b11 nuclear receptor is required for normal neurodevelopmental processes. The specific downstream mechanisms mediated by TR\u03b11 that impact brain development remain to be investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, the structure, function and transcriptome of hippocampal tissue in a mouse model expressing the first RTH\u03b1 mutation discovered in a patient,\n                      <jats:italic>THRA<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>E403X<\/jats:sup>\n                      , were analyzed. RNAscope was used to visualize the spatial and temporal expression of\n                      <jats:italic>Thra1<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA in the hippocampus of WT mice, which is corresponding to\n                      <jats:italic>THRA1<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA in humans. The morphological structure was analyzed by Nissl staining, and the synaptic transmission was analyzed on the basis of long-term potentiation. The Morris water maze test and the zero maze test were used to evaluate the behavior. RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the hippocampal tissues in the mouse model expressing the\n                      <jats:italic>Thra<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>E403X<\/jats:sup>\n                      mutation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The juvenile mutant\n                      <jats:italic>Thra<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>E403X<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice presented with delayed neuronal migration, disordered neuronal distribution, and decreased synaptic plasticity. A total of 754 DEGs, including 361 upregulated genes and 393 downregulated genes, were identified by RNA-seq. DEG-enriched Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways were associated with PI3K-Akt signaling, ECM\u2212receptor interaction, neuroactive ligand\u2212receptor interaction, and a range of immune-related pathways. 25 DEGs were validated by qPCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>Thra<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>E403X<\/jats:sup>\n                      mutation results in histological and functional abnormalities, as well as transcriptomic alterations in the juvenile mouse hippocampus. This study of the\n                      <jats:italic>Thra<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>E403X<\/jats:sup>\n                      mutant offers new insights into the biological cause of RTH\u03b1-associated neurological diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/etj-21-0097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T08:53:39Z","timestamp":1646816019000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Histological, functional and transcriptomic alterations in the juvenile hippocampus in a mouse model of thyroid hormone resistance"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yingxin","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingping","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Defa","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyan","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6445-6192","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weiping","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1329-8486","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Physiological Reviews","first-page":"355","article-title":"Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism","volume":"94","author":"Mullur","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mullur RLiu YYBrent GA. 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