{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T13:49:54Z","timestamp":1787579394129,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["etj.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective multicenter study with patients newly diagnosed with Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism (GH), we studied the timing and characteristics of adverse drug reactions in patients treated with anti-thyroid drugs (ATD) for up to 48 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with GH were treated with ATD until remission and hereafter with a low-dose regime to keep the patients in remission. The patients were followed with blood samples and recording of adverse events approximately every second month for the first 2 years and every third month for the following 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 208 patients and the patients were treated for a median of 22 (range: 0.5\u201349) months. Ten percent of the patients experienced adverse drug reactions and 75% of the cases occurred during the first 6 months. After 24 months, the methimazole dose was lowered to 5 mg\/day, and after this time point, no further adverse drug reactions were recorded. Skin reactions were the most prominent reaction, comprising 68% of the registered reactions, and no hepatic and bonemarrow affection was recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With this study, we report the frequency, timing of occurrence, and characteristics of adverse drug reactions when treating GH with the ATD drug methimazole for up to 48 months. Long-term low-dose methimazole treatment can be a cost-effective and straightforward treatment option if adverse drug reactions such as severe hepatic and bone marrow affection are kept in mind.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/etj-22-0031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T06:48:53Z","timestamp":1651819733000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Long-term methimazole therapy in Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism and adverse reactions: a Danish multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6026-5834","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J","family":"Karmisholt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6336-1936","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S L","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Bulow-Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Krejbjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Nygaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Carl\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","first-page":"1552","article-title":"Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"375","author":"Smith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith TJHegedus L. 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(https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003420.pub4)"},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity","first-page":"415","article-title":"Relapse following antithyroid drug therapy for Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism","volume":"21","author":"Laurberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Laurberg PKrejbjerg AAndersen SL. Relapse following antithyroid drug therapy for Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity201421415\u2013421. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MED.0000000000000088)"},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","first-page":"87","article-title":"Can we predict relapse in Graves\u2019 disease? Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"176","author":"Struja","year":"2017","unstructured":"Struja TFehlberg HKutz AGuebelin LDegen CMueller BSchuetz P. Can we predict relapse in Graves\u2019 disease? Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism2012974549\u20134558. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2012-2802)"},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"European Thyroid Journal","first-page":"167","article-title":"European Thyroid Association guideline for the management of Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism","volume":"7","author":"Kahaly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kahaly GJBartalena LHeged\u00fcs LLeenhardt LPoppe KPearce SH. European Thyroid Association guideline for the management of Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism. European Thyroid Journal20187167\u2013186. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000490384)"},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Thyroid","first-page":"1144","article-title":"Antithyroid drugs-the most common treatment for Graves\u2019 disease in the United States: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"26","author":"Brito","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brito JPSchilz SSingh Ospina NRodriguez-Gutierrez RMaraka SSangaralingham LRMontori VM. 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(https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-019-01054-1)"},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology","first-page":"783","article-title":"Remission of Graves\u2019 disease during anti-thyroid drug therapy. Time to reconsider the mechanism?","volume":"155","author":"Laurberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Laurberg PRemission of Graves\u2019 disease during anti-thyroid drug therapy. Time to reconsider the mechanism?European Journal of Endocrinology2006155783\u2013786. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje.1.02295)"},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Journal of Thyroid Research","first-page":"5945178","article-title":"Predictors of initial and sustained remission in patients treated with antithyroid drugs for Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism: the RISG study","volume":"2019","author":"Karmisholt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karmisholt JAndersen SLBulow-Pedersen ICarl\u00e9 AKrejbjerg ANygaard B. 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