{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:19:00Z","timestamp":1784557140891,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717718400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["etj.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to report correlations between thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) and both clinical and radiological parameters in recent-onset symptomatic thyroid eye disease (TED) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective cohort study of TED patients managed at the Chinese University of Hong Kong from January 2014 to May 2022. Serum TSI levels were determined with the functional assay. Outcomes included the Clinical Activity Score (CAS), marginal reflex distance1 (MRD1), extraocular muscle motility restriction (EOMy), exophthalmos, and diplopia. The radiological assessment included cross-sectional areas and signal of extraocular muscles on STIR-sequence MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 255 (197 female) treatment-naive patients, with an average onset age of 50 \u00b1 14 years (mean \u00b1\n                      <jats:sc>s.d.<\/jats:sc>\n                      ), were included. Elevated pre-treatment TSI level was observed in 223 (88%) patients. There was a weak positive correlation between TSI and CAS (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.28,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.000031), MRD1 (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.17,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0080), and the size of the levator palpebrae superioris\/superior rectus complex (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.25,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.018). No significant correlation existed between TSI and STIR signals. The AUC and optimal cut-off value for clinical active TED were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.60\u20130.75) and 284% (specificity: 50%, sensitivity: 85%). In total, 64 patients received intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) during the study interval, and they had a higher baseline TSI level than those who did not have IVMP (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.000044). Serial post-IVMP TSI among the 62 patients showed a significant reduction compared to the baseline level (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Both the baseline and post-IVMP TSI levels, and percentages of TSI changes were comparable between patients who responded and did not respond to the first course of IVMP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TSI can be a serum biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response of TED. Further validation should be warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/etj-23-0129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T10:58:30Z","timestamp":1717757910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Epidemiology of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in recent-onset symptomatic thyroid eye disease"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kenneth Ka Hei","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatema Mohamed Ali Abdulla","family":"Aljufairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Government Hospitals, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake Uy","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center, Cebu City, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruofan","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen Kar Wun","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine Yuen Ling","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan Chun Hong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiu Ming","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hunter Kwok Lai","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilson Wai Kuen","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvin Lerrmann","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Pak Man","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement Chee Yung","family":"Tham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Pui","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2587-1323","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kelvin Kam Lung","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","first-page":"691","article-title":"Extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves\u2019 disease: a 2014 update","volume":"37","author":"Bartalena","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bartalena L & Fatourechi V. 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