{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:40:31Z","timestamp":1793364031623,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["etj.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim was to evaluate the possible association between some endocrine disruptive chemicals and thyroid cancer (TC) in an Italian case\u2013control cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We enrolled 112 TC patients and 112 sex- and age-matched controls without known thyroid diseases. Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4\u2032-DDT and 4,4\u2032-DDE) were measured in the serum by liquid or gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. Unconditional logistic regression, Bayesan kernel machine regression and weighted quantile sum models were used to estimate the association between TC and pollutants\u2019 levels, considered individually or as mixture.\n                      <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>V600E<\/jats:sup>\n                      mutation was assessed by standard methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The detection of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) was positively correlated to TC (OR\u2009=\u20092.03, 95% CI: 1.10\u20133.75,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), while a negative association was found with perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) levels (OR\u2009=\u20090.63, 95% CI: 0.41\u20130.98,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). Moreover, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) was positively associated with the presence of thyroiditis, while PFHxS and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) with higher levels of presurgical thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). PFHxS, PFOS, PFNA, and PFDA were correlated with less aggressive TC, while poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCB-105 and PCB-118) with larger and more aggressive tumors. Statistical models showed a negative association between pollutants\u2019 mixture and TC.\n                      <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>V600E<\/jats:sup>\n                      mutations were associated with PCB-153, PCB-138, and PCB-180.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study suggests, for the first time in a case\u2013control population, that exposure to some PFAS and PCBs associates with TC and some clinical and molecular features. On the contrary, an inverse correlation was found with both PFHxS and pollutants\u2019 mixture, likely due to a potential reverse causality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/etj-23-0192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T14:42:24Z","timestamp":1713969744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Thyroid cancer and endocrine disruptive chemicals: a case\u2013control study on per-fluoroalkyl substances and other persistent organic pollutants"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8795-5226","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Valentina","family":"Cirello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Lugaresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Moneta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Dufour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University hospital of Liege (CHU Li\u00e8ge), CHU (B35), Liege, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULi\u00e8ge), CHU (B35), Liege, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Manzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5372-0982","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura","family":"Fugazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Charlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University hospital of Liege (CHU Li\u00e8ge), CHU (B35), Liege, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULi\u00e8ge), CHU (B35), Liege, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Pirard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University hospital of Liege (CHU Li\u00e8ge), CHU (B35), Liege, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULi\u00e8ge), CHU (B35), Liege, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Lancet. 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