{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:59:33Z","timestamp":1789747173413,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["etj.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency in Denmark, health authorities initiated a voluntary iodine fortification (IF) program in 1998, which became mandatory in 2000. In line with recommendations from the World Health Organization, the Danish investigation on iodine intake and thyroid disease (DanThyr) was established to monitor the effect on thyroid health and disease. The program involved different study designs and followed two Danish sub-populations in the years before IF and up till 20 years after. Results showed that the IF was successfully implemented and increased the level of iodine intake from mild\u2013moderate iodine deficiency to low adequacy. The level of thyroglobulin and thyroid volume decreased following IF, and there was an indication of fewer thyroid nodules. The incidence of hyperthyroidism increased transiently following IF but subsequently decreased below the pre-fortification level. Conversely, thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity increased along with an increase in the incidence of hypothyroidism. These trends were mirrored in the trends in treatments for thyroid disease. Most differences in thyroid health and disease between regions with different iodine intake levels before IF attenuated. This review illustrates the importance of a monitoring program to detect both beneficial and adverse effects and exemplifies how a monitoring program can be conducted when a nationwide health promotion program \u2013 as IF \u2013 is initiated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/etj-23-0230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T14:42:24Z","timestamp":1713969744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Danish investigation on iodine intake and thyroid disease (DanThyr): history and implications"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7116-9346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Line","family":"Tang M\u00f8llehave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Linneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"B\u00fclow Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gitte","family":"Ravn-Haren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group for Risk Benefit, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja Lykke","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Carl\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Cerqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Danish Clinical Quality Program \u2013 National Clinical Registries (RKKP), Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Krejbjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lone Banke","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent researcher, Klemensker, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Ovesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Perrild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena Bjergved","family":"Sigurd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betina Heinsb\u00e6k","family":"Thuesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pernille","family":"Vejbjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - 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