{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:19:20Z","timestamp":1784557160061,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.en_GB"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["etj.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Secondary thyroid autoimmunity, especially Graves\u2019 disease (GD), frequently develops in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) following alemtuzumab treatment (ALTZ; anti-CD52). Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) can also develop, and rituximab (RTX; anti-CD20) is a suitable treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>METHODS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Immunophenotyping of blood and thyroid-derived lymphocytes in a patient treated with both ALTZ and RTX.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A 37-year-old woman with MS developed steroid-resistant active moderate-to-severe TED three years after ALTZ, that successfully responded to a single 500 mg dose of i.v. RTX. Before RTX peripheral B-cells were low, and were totally depleted immediately after therapy. Follow-up analysis four years post-ALTZ and one year post-RTX, showed persistent depletion of B cells, and relative reduction of T regulatory cells in both peripheral blood and thyroid tissue obtained at thyroidectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RTX therapy successfully inactivated TED in a patient with low B-cell count derived from previous ALTZ treatment. B-cell depletion in both thyroid and peripheral blood was still present one year after RTX, as a likely cumulative effect of both treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/etj-23-0236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T15:26:46Z","timestamp":1710257206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Alemtuzumab-induced thyroid eye disease successfully treated with a single low-dose of rituximab"],"prefix":"10.1530","author":[{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Muller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"I Muller, Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Maioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S Maioli, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirco","family":"Armenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M Armenti, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Porcaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L Porcaro, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Curr\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N Curr\u00f2, Ophthalmology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Iofrida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E Iofrida, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Department of Specialistic Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Pignataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L Pignataro, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Manso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J Manso, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Mian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C Mian, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Geginat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J Geginat, National Institute of Molecular Genetics, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Salvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M Salvi, Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","container-title":["European Thyroid Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/etj.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/etj\/aop\/etj-23-0236\/etj-23-0236.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/etj.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/etj\/aop\/etj-23-0236\/etj-23-0236.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/etj.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/etj\/aop\/etj-23-0236\/etj-23-0236.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:51:56Z","timestamp":1784555516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/etj\/article\/2923"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/etj-23-0236","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-0640","2235-0802"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-0640","type":"print"},{"value":"2235-0802","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}}}