{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T07:44:06Z","timestamp":1792827846283,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":218,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["etj.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common condition with a global estimated prevalence of 60 million cases, and the most common cardiac complication of hyperthyroidism, occurring in 5\u201315% of overtly hyperthyroid patients. Additionally, subclinical hyperthyroidism and high-normal free T4 have been associated with an increased risk in the development of AF. Hyperthyroidism-related AF is a reversible cause of AF, and the majority of patients spontaneously revert to sinus rhythm in 4\u20136 months during or after restoration of euthyroidism. Therefore, restoring thyroid function is an indispensable element in hyperthyroidism-related AF management. Rate control with beta-blockers consists another first-line therapy, reserving rhythm control in cases of persistent hyperthyroidism-related AF. It is still controversial whether hyperthyroidism is an independent risk factor of stroke in nonvalvular AF. As a result, initiating anticoagulation should be guided by the clinical thromboembolic risk score CHA\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    DS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -VASc score in the same way it is applied in patients with non-hyperthyroidism-related AF. Treatment with the novel direct oral anticoagulants appears to be as beneficial and may be safer than warfarin in patients with hyperthyroidism-related AF. In this review, we address the epidemiology, prognosis, and diagnosis of hyperthyroidism-related AF, and we discuss the management strategies and controversies in patients with hyperthyroidism-related AF.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/etj-23-0254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T15:15:46Z","timestamp":1708442146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Epidemiology, prognosis, and challenges in the management of hyperthyroidism-related atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Georgios","family":"Kostopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ippokratio General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7313-8391","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Grigoris","family":"Effraimidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association","first-page":"e030438","article-title":"Global burden of atrial fibrillation and flutter by national income: results from the global burden of disease 2019 database","volume":"12","author":"Ohlrogge","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ohlrogge AHBrederecke J & Schnabel RB. 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