{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T05:56:34Z","timestamp":1794462994296,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["etj.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess selenium status in South Korean pregnant women and its impact on maternal thyroid function and pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u2018Ideal Breast Milk (IBM) Cohort Study\u2019 included 367 pregnant women out of 442 participants and categorized into three groups based on plasma selenium levels: deficient (&lt; 70 \u03bcg\/L), suboptimal (70\u201399 \u03bcg\/L), and optimal (\u2265 100 \u03bcg\/L). During the second or third trimester, various blood parameters, including selenium, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free T4, free T3, and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody levels, were measured. Thyroid parenchymal echogenicity was assessed as another surrogate marker for thyroid autoimmunity using ultrasonography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median plasma selenium was 98.8 (range: 46.7\u2013206.4) \u03bcg\/L, and 30 individuals (8%) were categorized as deficient, while 164 (45%) were classified in the suboptimal group. Selenium deficiency was associated with markers of autoimmune thyroiditis, including positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody results (13.3 (deficient) vs 4.6 (optimal) %,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.031) and thyroid parenchymal heterogeneity on ultrasound (33.3 (deficient) vs 14.6 (suboptimal) vs 17.3 (optimal) %,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.042), independently of gestational age. The incidence of severe preeclampsia was higher in the group not taking selenium supplements, particularly among those with twin pregnancies, compared to the group taking selenium supplements (0 (selenium supplement) vs 9.0 (no supplement) %,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.015).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnant women experience mild selenium deficiency, which can lead to significant health issues including maternal thyroid autoimmunity and obstetrical complications during pregnancy. Guidelines for appropriate selenium intake according to the stage of pregnancy and the number of fetuses are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/etj-24-0007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T12:18:38Z","timestamp":1718713118000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Selenium levels and their association with thyroid autoimmunity and severe preeclampsia in pregnancy: Insights from a prospective ideal breast milk cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chae Won","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9007-7025","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyungsik","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue K","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dal Lae","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Service and Nutrition Care, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Joo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choong Ho","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Kwan","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"June-Key","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Ju","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9179-1247","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young Ah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gi Jeong","family":"Cheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7394-3830","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sun Wook","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"British 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