{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:19:24Z","timestamp":1784557164800,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["etj.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many cases of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) have been described related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but no prospective data about follow-up are known. This prospective, longitudinal, 3-year, multicentre study aims to explore the clinical peculiarities and outcome of SAT in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection, ascertained with antibody dosage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients receiving SAT diagnosis from November 2020 to May 2022 were enrolled. Data on anamnesis, physical examination, blood tests (TSH, freeT4, freeT3, thyroglobulin, anti-thyroid antibodies, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, complete blood count), and thyroid ultrasound were collected. At baseline, the presence of IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or nucleocapsid was investigated. Patients were evaluated after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-six subjects were enrolled. At baseline, 54 presented with pain, 36 (67%) for at least 15 days. Serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG measurements documented that 7 out of 52 subjects (13.5%) had infection before SAT diagnosis (COVID+). No significant differences between the COVID+ and COVID\u2212 groups were found at baseline, except for respiratory symptoms and fever, which were more common in COVID+ (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.039 and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.021, respectively). Among the 41 subjects who completed follow-up, COVID+ and COVID\u2212 did not differ for therapeutic approach to SAT or outcome, all having an improvement in neck pain, inflammation parameters, and ultrasound features.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first prospective study investigating any difference both at diagnosis and at follow-up between SAT presentation in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and those without. Our data demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 does not impact on SAT onset, evolution, and outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/etj-24-0083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T14:37:30Z","timestamp":1717598250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Subacute thyroiditis in the SARS-CoV-2 era: a multicentre prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"De Vincentis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Loiacono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Zanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Sueri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Laura","family":"Monzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Santi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2926-0722","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Specialisation in Endocrinology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Crivicich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Specialisation in Endocrinology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirco","family":"Armenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Specialisation in Endocrinology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uberto","family":"Pagotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Care and Prevention Unit, IRCCS Sant\u2019Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Tucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Care and Prevention Unit, IRCCS Sant\u2019Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Cecchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Care and Prevention Unit, IRCCS Sant\u2019Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Trenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomy Pathology, Azienda USL Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Pecoraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomy Pathology, Azienda USL Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Canu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomy Pathology, Azienda USL Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Simoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8426-4502","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giulia","family":"Brigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Lancet. 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