{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:15:45Z","timestamp":1791605745585,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":81,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an extremely aggressive cancer, traditionally refractory to conventional treatments. The combined therapy with lenvatinib and pembrolizumab (L + P) is supported by a preclinical rationale based on the distinctive immunological profile of ATC. We propose a real-life study to evaluate relevant clinical outcomes and identify survival predictors in a cohort of ATC patients treated with the combined therapy in two Italian referral centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen ATC patients treated with the combination of L + P were retrospectively included. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were assessed according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. Baseline patient characteristics, including immuno-nutritional status (calculated using the CONUT score), were analyzed to identify potential predictors of response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A median OS of 10 months (95% CI: 4.2\u201315.9 months) and a median PFS of 6.0 months (95% CI: 0\u201312.7 months) were observed after L + P therapy. Complete response was observed in 6.2% and partial response in 31.3% of patients, resulting in an ORR of 37.5%; the DCR was 68.8%. Progressive disease occurred in 25% of patients. Furthermore, a baseline CONUT score \u2264 2 resulted in a significantly longer OS (log-rank, P = 0.001) and PFS (P = 0.05) compared to CONUT score \u2265 3, while a non-significantly longer OS was observed between patients with a baseline ECOG PS of 0\u20132 and those with a baseline ECOG PS \u2265 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study confirms the efficacy and safety of L + P therapy, identifying the CONUT score as a prognostic factor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/etj-25-0301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:42:02Z","timestamp":1776098522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Real-world efficacy of lenvatinib\/pembrolizumab combination in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: case series 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